Water Quality Criteria of Dieldrin for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Wildlife Using a Tissue Residue Approach.
Li Xie, Xuemei Li, Liangwen Bao, Yuexin Zhang, Hailei Su, Xuesong Liu, Fanfan Wang, Yuan Wei, Ningning Ji, Min Zhou
Author Information
Li Xie: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. ORCID
Xuemei Li: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Liangwen Bao: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Yuexin Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. ORCID
Hailei Su: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Xuesong Liu: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Fanfan Wang: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Yuan Wei: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Ningning Ji: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Min Zhou: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Dieldrin is legacy organochlorine insecticide, which was listed in the Stockholm Convention because of its persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity. However, it is still present in the environment and in organisms two decades after its ban. The current criteria used for risk assessment in China are based on acute toxicity data in water columns without considering the bioavailability and bioaccumulation, which accordingly lead to the under-protection of aquatic organisms and wildlife. In this study, the water quality criteria (WQC) for dieldrin were derived from a combination of tissue-based toxicity data and the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) to better protect aquatic ecosystems. The dieldrin residue data in surface water in China were obtained by literature review and the ecological risk was assessed using the quotient method. Combined with a BAF of 58,884.37 L/kg estimated by the model, the WQC were calculated as needing to be 3.86 and 1.4 ng/L to protect aquatic life and aquatic-dependent wildlife, respectively. The results of the risk assessment revealed the potential high risk posed by dieldrin bioaccumulation. This study provides scientific guidance for the determination of the water quality standard for dieldrin and to ensure the risk management of the aquatic environment in China.
