The Connection Between Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Iron Metabolism and Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.

Simonida Delic, Svetlana Miletic Drakulic, Milos Stepovic, Jovana Milosavljevic, Marija Kovacevic Dimitrijevic, Kristijan Jovanovic, Ivona Marinkovic, Melanija Tepavcevic, Nikoleta Janicijevic, Aleksandra Mitrovic, Danica Igrutinovic, Maja Vulovic
Author Information
  1. Simonida Delic: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia. ORCID
  2. Svetlana Miletic Drakulic: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
  3. Milos Stepovic: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia. ORCID
  4. Jovana Milosavljevic: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
  5. Marija Kovacevic Dimitrijevic: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
  6. Kristijan Jovanovic: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
  7. Ivona Marinkovic: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
  8. Melanija Tepavcevic: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
  9. Nikoleta Janicijevic: Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia. ORCID
  10. Aleksandra Mitrovic: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
  11. Danica Igrutinovic: Department of Biochemistry, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
  12. Maja Vulovic: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.

Abstract

In recent years, in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, emphasis has been placed on mitochondrial processes that influence the onset of the disease. Oxidative stress would be one of the consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction, and its impact on brain tissue is well described. Microglia, as a brain macrophage, have an important function in removing unwanted metabolites, as well as iron, which is an amplifier of oxidative stress. There are novelties in terms of the connection between these processes, which have redirected research more towards the process of neurodegeneration itself, so that the emphasis is no longer on neuroinflammation, which would initiate the pathological process itself and still exist in the vicinity of lesions with reduced intensity. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge from the literature regarding oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and iron metabolism and how microglia are involved in these processes in multiple sclerosis.

Keywords

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Grants

  1. JP 07/19/The work is part of a junior project that is an internal project of the Faculty of Medical Sciences in Kragujevac , Republic of Serbia since 2019 under the code JP 07/19. The project name is Evaluation of redox status in patients with multiple sclerosis.

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