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Mar 26, 2025;

Beyond the pill: incrimination of nuclear factor-kappa B and their targeted phytomedicine for pulmonary fibrosis.

Akarsha Balnadupete, Fathimath Muneesa Moideen, Aleena Varughese, Kirana Mugaranja, Jeena T M, Rakshitha Charavu, Yashodhar Bhandary
Author Information
  1. Akarsha Balnadupete: Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
  2. Fathimath Muneesa Moideen: Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
  3. Aleena Varughese: Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
  4. Kirana Mugaranja: Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
  5. Jeena T M: Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
  6. Rakshitha Charavu: Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
  7. Yashodhar Bhandary: Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India. yashbhandary@yenepoya.edu.in.
PMID: 40137966 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-025-04067-1

Abstract

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a slow and irreparable damage of the lung caused by the accumulation of scar tissue, which eventually results in organ dysfunction and fatality from gas exchange failure. One of the extensively studied inflammatory pathways in PF is the NF-��B signalling pathway, which is reportedly involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, myofibroblast differentiation, and other cellular processes. Additionally, studies have evidence that NF-��B signalling pathways can be employed as a potential target for developing therapeutic agents against PF. In the current scenario, FDA-approved drugs, nintedanib and pirfenidone, have been used for the treatment of PF with potential side effects. Recently, the usage of bioactive compounds has attracted attention in the treatment of PF. This review focuses on the involvement of the NF-��B signalling pathway in PF and the significance of phytocompounds in regulating the NF-��B pathway. Both the in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that NF-��B-targeted plant-based bioactive compounds significantly ameliorate the PF condition as well as improve the health condition. Databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were used to conduct literature surveys and compile data on all the bioactive compounds. In conclusion, the plant-derived bioactive compounds are potent enough to target the NF-��B with its biological properties, and this could be a highly effective therapeutic strategy for PF in the future.

Keywords

Acute lung injury Chemokines Cytokines Nuclear factor-kappa B Phytocompounds

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