| 描述信息 |
A total of 193 patients with Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones and 99 healthy volunteers were recruited from the First People's Hospital of Yulin and the Second Nanning People's Hospital between April and September 2022. The eligibility criteria for CaOx stone formers (CSF) included ages 20-70 years, a diagnosis of upper urinary tract stones confirmed by imaging (X-ray, ultrasound, or CT), and post-surgical stone composition analysis confirming CaOx as the primary component through infrared spectroscopy. Healthy controls (HC) were aged 20-70 years, with no history of urolithiasis, confirmed by urinary ultrasound. Exclusion criteria for all participants included: (1) use of antibiotic in the past month; (2) use of probiotics in the past two weeks; (3) urinary tract malformations, polycystic kidney disease, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, primary hyperoxaluria, neurogenic bladder, history of organ transplantation, inflammatory bowel disease, or gastrointestinal surgery; (4) severe metabolic diseases, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, or chronic kidney disease. Recurrent stones are defined as multiple stone episodes within a period (usually months or years) after complete clearance through treatment. Peripheral venous blood, second midstream urine, and stool samples were collected from all subjects in the morning while fasting. 24-hour urine sample was also collected using containers pre-filled with 30ml of 6mol/L hydrochloric acid. Samples were stored at 4°C immediately after collection and transferred to -80°C within 2 hours. Metagenomic Sequencing: Fecal DNA from 291 stool samples (192 CaOx stone patients and 99 healthy controls) was extracted using a Magnetic Soil and Stool DNA Kit (TIANGEN, DP712) and sequenced on the MGI-tech DNBSEQ-T7 platform (100bp paired-end). Metabolomic profiling: A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) system (Shim-pack UFLC SHIMADZU CBM A UPLC system, coupled with QTRAP 6500 + System MS, Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China) was used to analyze metabolites in 291 plasma samples (192 CaOx stone patients and 99 healthy controls). To maximize metabolite detection, hydrophilic and hydrophobic metabolites were separately extracted and analyzed.Additionally, widely targeted metabolomics was performed on 286 fecal samples (188 CaOx stone patients and 98 healthy controls), and 292 urinary samples (193 CaOx stone patients and 99 healthy controls) using the ABSciex QTRAP LC-MS/MS platform (Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China). |
