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Hepatitis Delta Virus - HDV

Virus Host Enzyme Edited Genes Phenotype Disease Details
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human NA NA Inhibit viral replication Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: 1012
  • Editing Type: A-to-I
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: The antigenomic RNA of HDV is in fact the target for HDV RNA
  • Correlation: Negative
  • Description: The researchers show here that the antigenomic RNA of HDV is in fact the target for HDV RNA editing, which is therefore a conversion of A to G.
  • PMID: 7494266
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human ADAR1 NA Produce new protein Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: amber/W site of small delta antigen (HDAg)
  • Editing Type: A-to-I
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: NA
  • Correlation: Negative
  • Description: Host ADAR1-catalyzed RNA editing at the amber/W site of the small HDAg leads to the production of the large HDAg, which inhibits replication and is required for virion assembly. Extended base-pairing upstream of the amber/W site could increase HDV RNA editing efficiency. Furthermore, it appears that the naturally occurring HDV RNA structures have been selected for suboptimal amber/W RNA editing, which favors the HDV replication cycle.
  • PMID: 31614652
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human ADAR1-L NA Influence virus replication Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: NA
  • Editing Type: A-to-I
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: NA
  • Correlation: NA
  • Description: The two forms of ADAR1 are responsible almost alone for HDV editing. In unstimulated cells, ADAR1-S is the main editing activity. The increase of edited RNA under IFN-alpha-stimulation is because of induction of ADAR1-L, showing for the first time that this IFN-inducible protein is involved in the base modification of replicating HDV RNA.
  • PMID: 16475990
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human ADAR1-S NA Influence virus replication Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: NA
  • Editing Type: A-to-I
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: NA
  • Correlation: NA
  • Description: ADAR1-S edits HDV RNA during replication and that editing occurs in the nucleus
  • PMID: 12399548
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human ADAR1 NA Inhibit viral replication Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: NA
  • Editing Type: NA
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: NA
  • Correlation: Negative
  • Description: At early times in the replication cycle, the virus produces the protein HDAg-S, which is required for RNA synthesis; at later times, as result of editing at the amber/W site, the virus produces HDAg-L, which is required for packaging, but inhibits further RNA synthesis as levels increase.
  • PMID: 21732238
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human ADAR1 NA Different editing efficient between different Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: NA
  • Editing Type: A-to-I
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: NA
  • Correlation: Positive
  • Description: ADAR1 and in cells, the Peruvian HDV amber/W site is a more efficient editing site than the Ecuadorian.
  • PMID: 19383766
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human ADAR1 NA Inhibit viral replication Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: NA
  • Editing Type: A-to-I
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: NA
  • Correlation: Negative
  • Description: HDAg-L is able to inhibit replication and thereby inhibit amber/W editing and its own synthesis
  • PMID: 15254184
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human ADAR1 NA Inhibit viral replication Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: NA
  • Editing Type: A-to-I
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: NA
  • Correlation: Negative
  • Description: HDV RNA editing might occur in the nuclear speckles and require other nuclear factor(s), in addition to ADAR.
  • PMID: 15039537
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human ADAR NA Influence virus replication Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: NA
  • Editing Type: NA
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: NA
  • Correlation: NA
  • Description: RNA editing at the amber/W site plays a central role in the replication scheme of hepatitis delta virus (HDV), allowing the virus to produce two functionally distinct forms of the sole viral protein, hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg), from the same open reading frame. Editing is carried out by a cellular activity known as ADAR (adenosine deaminase)
  • PMID: 12097551
Hepatitis Delta Virus Mammalian ADAR1; ADAR2 NA Influence virus replication Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: NA
  • Editing Type: NA
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: Recoding
  • Correlation: NA
  • Description: As a consequence of replication, the UIG codon is converted to a UGG (tryptophan [W]) codon in the resulting HDAg-L message.
  • PMID: 11507200
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human ADAR1; ADAR2 NA Influence virus replication Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: NA
  • Editing Type: NA
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: NA
  • Correlation: NA
  • Description: HDAg may regulate amber/W site editing during virus replication.
  • PMID: 9528763
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human NA NA Different editing efficient between different Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: NA
  • Editing Type: NA
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: NA
  • Correlation: NA
  • Description: Percentages of the two viral populations detected by NGS in these mixtures were comparable to the expected percentages. Evaluation of edition along the HDV coding region showed that transitions were more frequent than transversions, accounting for 63.09% and 36.91%, respectively. Interestingly, among the 4 possible transition-type changes, G:A and A:G accounted for 73.86% of the total.
  • PMID: 28988126
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human ADAR1 NA Produce new protein Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: NA
  • Editing Type: A-to-I
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: Recoding
  • Correlation: NA
  • Description: Five findings are reported. (i) Even after the mutation at 1011, editing still occurred at 1012. (ii) Site 1011 itself now acted as a novel RNA-editing site. (iii) Sites 1011 and 1012 were edited independently. (iv) At later times, both sites became edited, thereby allowing the synthesis of the large form of the delta Ag (delta Ag-L). (v) Via immunofluorescence, such double editing became apparent as a stochastic event, in that groups of cells arose in which the changes had taken place.
  • PMID: 7474144
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human NA NA Reduce the efficency of editing Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: 1014
  • Editing Type: U-to-C; A-to-I
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: Recoding
  • Correlation: NA
  • Description: No significant difference were found between active and inactive forms of the disease when L:S genome ratios are compared. A mutation, found at amino acid position 170 (serine-->asparagine), appears to segregate with patients with inactive disease.
  • PMID: 8830113
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human NA NA Influence virus replication Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: NA
  • Editing Type: NA
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: NA
  • Correlation: NA
  • Description: These results demonstrate posttranscriptional U to C editing in the genomic HDV RNA and exclude misincorporation during HDV RNA replication as the editing mechanism. 
  • PMID: 7748956
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human; Woodchuck NA NA Virus uses a uridine to cytidine editing mech Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: 1012
  • Editing Type: U-to-C
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: NA
  • Correlation: NA
  • Description: In this study, comparisons of mutations that differentiate between base pairing in genomic and antigenomic RNAs indicate that the genomic strand of HDV is the actual editing substrate. We conclude that the virus uses a uridine to cytidine editing mechanism, which is provided by the host cell.
  • PMID: 1496009
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human; Chimpanzee ADAR1 NA RNA editing occurred within an eight-nucleoti Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: 1012
  • Editing Type: NA
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: NA
  • Correlation: NA
  • Description: From the sequences of 31 clones, we found 32% (10 of 31) to be identical to the original single nucleotide sequence. For the remainder, there were neither insertions nor deletions but there was a small number of single-nucleotide changes. These changes were predominantly transitions rather than transversions. Furthermore, the transitions were largely of just two types, uridine to cytidine and adenosine to guanosine. Of the 40 changes detected on HDV, 35% (14 of 40) occurred within an eight-nucleotide region that included position 1012, previously shown to be a site of RNA editing.
  • PMID: 7853505
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human NA NA Form a new genetic subclass of HDV genotype I Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: NA
  • Editing Type: A-to-I
  • Amino Acid Change: NA
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: Recoding
  • Correlation: NA
  • Description: The researchers have identified a new genetic subclass of HDV genotype IIb in the Miyako Islands, Okinawa, Japan. This HDV variant is associated with more aggressive liver disease and has specific genetic changes in the C-terminal packaging signal of large HDAg as well as the RNA editing sequence. Nucleotide sequences of the RNA editing site of HDV genotypes IIb and IIb-M, which is formed between anti-genome RNA surrounding the edited A residue (nt 1012) and nucleotide sequences of the opposite site (nt 580) of the unbranched rod structure of HDV.
  • PMID: 14645909
Hepatitis Delta Virus Human NA NA Form a new genetic subclass of HDV genotype I Hepatitis
  • Edited Gene Alias: NA
  • Editing Site: NA
  • Editing Type: A-to-I
  • Amino Acid Change: *->W
  • Editing Level: Present
  • Molecular Consequence: Recoding
  • Correlation: NA
  • Description: HDV genomic RNA contains a single open reading frame from which two forms of a unique protein (the delta antigen) are derived by RNA editing. Transcription of the genome results in the synthesis of a 700-nt mRNA that encodes the small form of the delta antigen (dAg-S or HDAg-p24). The larger form of the delta antigen (dAg-L or HDAg-p27) is produced when RNA editing converts an amber stop codon (UAG) to a tryptophan codon (UGG), extending the open reading frame by 19 amino acids. The smaller form of the delta antigen is indispensable for HDV genomic replication. In contrast, the larger form represses replication and is required for packaging of viral particles.
  • PMID: 14645909