NONHSAT107640

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Annotated Information

Name

HULC: Highly upregulated in liver cancer RNA

Characteristics

~500nuc, spliced, polyadenylated, two exon transcript (Panzitt (2007)). Exon 1 mainly consists of an LTR (MLT1A) (Panzitt (2007)).

Function

Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). Functions as a sponge/ target mimic for miR-372 through a conserved target site, reducing the expression and activity of miR-372 (Wang (2010)). One of targets of miR-372 is Prkacb (catalytic subunit of PKA) which is able to phophorylate CREB. Hence expression of HULC stimulates further HULC expression by inhibiting miR-372, and allowing PRKACB to create active CREB (Wang (2010)). HULC knockdown affects expression of other genes including some described in liver cancer (Panzitt (2007)).

Expression

Binding of phospho-CREB to the HULC promoter activates HULC expression. Phosphorylation of CREB was stimulated by PKA signaling (Wang (2010)). Highly up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to a lesser extent in liver focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). Up-regulation was specific to HCC with high expression not detected in normal liver, other tissues and their associated neoplasms (Panzitt (2007)). HULC expression was also up-regulated in colorectal carcinomas that metastasised to the liver but not in primary colorectal carcinomas or carcinomas that metastasised to lymph nodes (Matouk (2009)). HULC RNA could be detected in the blood of HCC patients (Panzitt (2007)). Localised to the cytoplasm, may associate with ribosomes, but no sign of translated products could be found (Panzitt (2007)). HULC expression was also identified in 3 old world monkeys (Panzitt (2007)).

Conservation

HLUC also present in other primates, gene shows good conservation above that of surrounding sequence. Not detected in rodents so may be primate specific (Panzitt (2007)).

Misc

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Transcriptomic Nomeclature

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Regulation

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Allelic Information and Variation

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Evolution

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Labs working on this lncRNA

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References

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Basic Information

Transcript ID	NONHSAT107640
Source	NONCODE4.0
Same with	,
Classification	intergenic
Length	500 nt
Genomic location	chr6+:8652442..8654459
Exon number	3
Exons	8652442..8652623,8653778..8654079,8654444..8654459
Genome context
Sequence	000001 ATGGGGGTGG AACTCATGAT GGAATTGGAG CCTTTACAAG GGAATGAAGA GACAAGAGCT CTCTTTATGC CACGTGAGGA 000080 000081 TACAGCAAGG CCCCAATCTG CAAGCCAGGA AGAGTCGTCA CGAGAACCAG ACCATGCAGG AACTCTGATC GTGGACATTT 000160 000161 CAACCTCCAG AACTGTGATC CAAAATGCAT ATGTATCTTT GGAAGAAACT CTGAAGTAAA GGCCGGAATA TTCTTTGTTT 000240 000241 AAAACATTAA AAACAAAACA GACCAAAGCA TCAAGCAAGA AGTTTCCTGG CAATAAACTA AGCACAGCAT TATTTTTTAA 000320 000321 GGAACACAAA TTAAGTGTTC AACCTGTGGC AAATTTGTAC TTTCTCCCTG AATTATGTTG TTATCAAAGA AAAAAATTGG 000400 000401 GAAGCATGGC AAAATATCAT CAAAACTGAA ACTAGAATTA AACAAAACTA AATTAAAATG AAATAAAATG ATGTCCATTC 000480 000481 TTAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA

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