The Hardy Rubber Tree Genome Provides Insights into the Evolution of Polyisoprene Biosynthesis.
Ta-Na Wuyun, Lin Wang, Huimin Liu, Xuewen Wang, Liangsheng Zhang, Jeffrey L Bennetzen, Tiezhu Li, Lirong Yang, Panfeng Liu, Lanying Du, Lu Wang, Mengzhen Huang, Jun Qing, Lili Zhu, Wenquan Bao, Hongguo Li, Qingxin Du, Jingle Zhu, Hong Yang, Shuguang Yang, Hui Liu, Hui Yue, Jiang Hu, Guoliang Yu, Yu Tian, Fan Liang, Jingjing Hu, Depeng Wang, Ruiwen Gao, Dejun Li, Hongyan Du
Author Information
Ta-Na Wuyun: Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China. Electronic address: tanatanan@163.com.
Lin Wang: Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Huimin Liu: Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Xuewen Wang: Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Liangsheng Zhang: Center for Genomics and Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Jeffrey L Bennetzen: Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Tiezhu Li: Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Lirong Yang: Institute of Plant Protection Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Panfeng Liu: Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Lanying Du: Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Lu Wang: Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Mengzhen Huang: Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Jun Qing: Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Lili Zhu: Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Wenquan Bao: Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Hongguo Li: Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Qingxin Du: Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Jingle Zhu: Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Hong Yang: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
Shuguang Yang: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
Hui Liu: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
Dejun Li: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China. Electronic address: djli.rricatas@gmail.com.
Hongyan Du: Non-timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; The Eucommia Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China. Electronic address: dhy515@126.com.
Eucommia ulmoides, also called hardy rubber tree, is an economically important tree; however, the lack of its genome sequence restricts the fundamental biological research and applied studies of this plant species. Here, we present a high-quality assembly of its ∼1.2-Gb genome (scaffold N50 = 1.88 Mb) with at least 26 723 predicted genes for E. ulmoides, the first sequenced genome of the order Garryales, which was obtained using an integrated strategy combining Illumina sequencing, PacBio sequencing, and BioNano mapping. As a sister taxon to lamiids and campanulids, E. ulmoides underwent an ancient genome triplication shared by core eudicots but no further whole-genome duplication in the last ∼125 million years. E. ulmoides exhibits high expression levels and/or gene number expansion for multiple genes involved in stress responses and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which may account for its considerable environmental adaptability. In contrast to the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), which produces cis-polyisoprene, E. ulmoides has evolved to synthesize long-chain trans-polyisoprene via farnesyl diphosphate synthases (FPSs). Moreover, FPS and rubber elongation factor/small rubber particle protein gene families were expanded independently from the H. brasiliensis lineage. These results provide new insights into the biology of E. ulmoides and the origin of polyisoprene biosynthesis.
