Os02g0813500

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Annotated Information

Function

Fig. 1 Changes of GR activity in rice roots in the presence or absence of NaCl [1].

Fig. 2 Changes in mRNA levels of OsGR genes in rice roots in the presence or absence of NaCl [1].

Fig. 3 Changes in H2O2 production in rice roots treated with or without NaCl [1].

Fig. 4 Effect of NaCl and H2O2 on mRNA levels for OsGR in roots of rice seedlings [1].

The gene Os02g0813500 encodes a glutathione reductase named OsGR2. Glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH with the accompanying oxidation of NADPH. GR is thought to be an important component of the glutathione ascorbate cycle, the main mechanism for the detoxification of ROS in plant.

In plants, GR is located in different cellular compartments. Three genes encoding GR have been described for Oryza sativa: a cytosolic (OsGR2) and two chloroplastic isoforms (OsGR1 and OsGR3).OsGR1, OsGR2 and OsGR3 are located on chromosomes 3, 2, and 10, respectively [1].The expression of OsGR genes is influenced by abiotic and biotic stresses known to increase ROS production: drought/desiccation, salinity, chilling, cadmium, powdery mildew and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment [2].

Changes in enzymatic activity of GR have been positively associated with salt stress tolerance in rice. NaCl treatment could induce H2O2 production in rice roots, and H2O2 treatment resulted in enhanced OsGR2 and OsGR3 induction. H2O2 is involved in regulation of OsGR2 and OsGR3 expression in NaCl treated rice roots [1]. Both heat shock (HS) and cadmium( Cd) can increase H2O2 content. HS and Cd treatments increased activities of GR in rice leaves through increasing the content of H2O2. Cd did not increase the expression of OsAPX (ascorbate peroxidase) and OsGR without HS treatment [3].

Expression

The cDNA of OsGR2 was firstly isolated in 1998 and was named RGRC2. Subcellular fractionation showed that the RGRC2 protein is localized primarily in cytosol. mRNA and protein of RGRC2 were observed mainly in roots and calli but little in leaf tissues[4]. The RGRC2 gene is split into 16 exons spread about 7.4 kb of chromosomal DNA, with coding sequence beginning in the 2nd exon and ending in the 16th exon. RGRC2 is 1,822 bp in length and has an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 496 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 53,506 [4].

Fig. 5 Multiple alignment of a rice glutathione reductase (GR) and the other plant GRs [4].

Evolution

You can also add sub-section(s) at will. In higher plants, GR is encoded by a small gene family. Two genes were described in Arabidopsis thaliana, Pisum sativum, Vigna unguiculata and Nicotiana tabacum, whereas 3 genes were identified in the genomes of Oryza sativa and Populus trichocarpa[2].The deduced amino acid sequences of RGRC2 showed a high preservation of some binding sites and active residues by comparison with previously published GR sequences from other plants, animals and prokaryotes[4].

Labs working on this gene

Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto, 606-8522 Japan.

Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seika, Kyoto, 619-0244 Japan.

Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.

References

[1]Hong C, Chao Y, Yang M, et al. NaCl-induced expression of glutathione reductase in roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings is mediated through hydrogen peroxide but not abscisic acid. Plant Soil. 2009, 320: 103-115.

[2] Wu T, Lin W, Kao Y, et al. Identification and characterization of a novel chloroplast_mitochondria co-localized glutathione reductase 3 involved in salt stress response in rice. Plant Molecular Biology. 2013, 83: 379-390.

[3]Chou T, Chao Y, Kao C H. Involvement of hydrogen peroxide in heat shock- and cadmium-induced expression of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in leaves of rice seedlings. Journal of Plant Physiology. 2012, 169: 478-486.

[4] Kaminaka H, Morita S, Nakajima M, et al. Gene Cloning and Expression of Cytosolic Glutathione Reductase in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.). Plant Cell Physiology. 1998, 39(12): 1269-1280.