Os04g0469800

Please input one-sentence summary here.

Annotated Information

Function

Associated with the biological synthesis of BRs in rice, its recessive mutations can lead to the disturbance of the biological synthesis of BRs as well as plant dwarf. D11 which bears seeds of reduced length encode protein CYP724B1, which belongs to cytochrome P450, homologous to the enzymes that catalyzed the BR synthesis. D11 was regulated by BR feedback regulation. It may participate in 6-DeoxoTY and TY supply in the rice BR biosynthesis network through C22 hydroxylation. but recent studies reveal there are two different cytochrome P450s CYP90B2/OsDWARF4 and CYP724B1/D11,their functions are redundant in this process[2-3]. In addition,D11 attaches great importance for epigenetic. some examples support this view, SDG725 which encodes a H3K36 methyltransferase activates expression of the BR-related genes D11. At the same time detected an increase in tri-methylated H3K9 at D11 chromatin in SDG72 mutant plants. The increased level of the repressive mark tri-methylated H3K9 appears to be correlated with downregulation of D11 expression[4].

  Influence of D11 mutant in rice

The d11 mutants (d11-1 and d11-2 alleles), make the erection of leaves in mature stages, the shortening of the second internode in culm, andthe grain length. Of particular importance is that the second internode of d11 mutants was cannot be accurately measure because of short, The d11 mutants also had a longer basal rachis internode than did the wild-type plants[3].

Expression

Plants dwarf,the upper second internode has little elongation; Leaf Angle does obviously not extend.Leaves become stiff; Neck of spike is longer than it of wide type; Grain is small and round; The mutant were characterized by shortened hypocotyl in in the dark,which means skotomorphogenesis exist with flaws; The expression of dll may recover with the help of exogenous BRs. RAVL1 play a important role in the expression of the BR biosynthetic genes D11 that are subject to BR negative feedback[5].In wild-type rice, OsDWARF4L1/D11 transcripts were is highly enriched in vegetative， shoot apices, leaf sheaths and roots, and found at more moderate levels in other organs[6]. D11 mRNA is strongly expressed in florets before flowering, maybe there would also be marked differences in the levels of BR intermediates in the florets of mutant and wildtype plants[3].

Evolution

The total length of D11 cDNA is 2031bp,including 9 exons，which codes 480 amino acid. A base C deleted in the second exon ind11-l, A base G insert in the seventh exon in d11-2; A slicing error results from the last base G-T of the third intron in d11-4; All above there ways lead to the frameshift mutation,and no protein making; d11-3 is the forth exon's single-base substitution mutation"ACC→ATC", threonine into isoleucine, which leads to the loss of function, and the dwarf symptom is light. The production of DLL is a key enzyme of the progress of biosynthesis of BRs, what's more, it may catalyze the biosynthesis of 6-DeoxoTY and TY.

Labs working on this gene

1.Fukui Prefectural University, Yoshida, Niigata, Japan

2.Kobe University, Kōbe-shi, Hyogo-ken, Japan

3.Institute of Physical and Chemical Research

4.The University of Tokyo, Japan

5.Kyushu University, Hukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan

6.The American Society of Plant Biologist

7.Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology and Agrochemistry

8.The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologist

References

1. Sumiyo Tanabe;Motoyuki Ashikari;Shozo Fujioka;Suguru Takatsuto;Shigeo Yoshida;Masahiro Yano;Atsushi Yoshimura;Hidemi Kitano;Makoto Matsuoka;Yukiko Fujisawa;Hisaharu Kato;and Yukimoto Iwasaki

 A Novel Cytochrome P450 Is Implicated in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis via the Characterization of a Rice Dwarf Mutant, dwarf11, with Reduced Seed Length
 The Plant Cell, 2005, 17(3): 776-790

2. Sakamoto, T., et al. (2006). "Erect leaves caused by brassinosteroid deficiency increase biomass production and grain yield in rice." Nat Biotechnol 24(1): 105- 109.

3. Tanabe, S., et al. (2005). "A novel cytochrome P450 is implicated in brassinosteroid biosynthesis via the characterization of a rice dwarf mutant, dwarf11, with reduced seed length." Plant Cell 17(3): 776-790.

4. Sui, P., et al. (2012). "H3K36 methylation is critical for brassinosteroid-regulated plant growth and development in rice." Plant J 70(2): 340-347.

5. Je, B. I., et al. (2010). "RAV-Like1 maintains brassinosteroid homeostasis via the coordinated activation of BRI1 and biosynthetic genes in rice." Plant Cell 22(6): 1777-1791

6. Sakamoto, T., et al. (2006). "Erect leaves caused by brassinosteroid deficiency increase biomass production and grain yield in rice." Nat Biotechnol 24(1): 105-109