Os08g0559300

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Annotated Information

Function

SPINDLY(SPY) encodes an O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase that is considered to be a negative regulator of gibberellin (GA) signaling through an unknown mechanism(Jacobsen and Olszewski,1993; Jacobsenet al., 1996;Swain et al., 2001).Shimada et al(2006) isolated a rice SPINDLY homolog (OsSPY) and produced knockdown transgenic plants in which OsSPY expression was reduced by introducing its antisense or RNAi construct;they find that in knockdown plants, the enhanced elongation of lower internodes was correlated with decreased levels of OsSPY expression, similar to the spindly phenotype of Arabidopsis spy mutants,The suppression of OsSPY function in a GA‐insensitive mutant, gid2, also caused an increase in the phosphorylation of a rice DELLA protein, SLR1, but did not change the amount of SLR1.suggest that OsSPY functions as a negative factor in GA signaling in rice; OsSPY in GA signaling is not via changes in the amount or stability of SLR1, but probably involves control of the suppressive function of SLR1;and OsSPY may play roles both in GA signaling and in the brassinosteroid pathway.

Mutation

spy mutants were more tolerant of high-salinity stress compared with wild-type plants.(Qin al., 2011).

we obtained point mutation mutants of spy-1 and spy-3. Both the spy-1 and spy-3 mutants were generated by EMS mutagenesis screening of Arabidopsis ecotype Columbia (Col) for plants that were more tolerant to PAC during seed germination compared with wild-type plants. The seedlings of both mutants exhibited a GA-overdosed phenotype. The spy-1 mutant exhibited a stronger phenotype than the spy-3 mutant in terms of characteristics affected by GA responses, such as elongated stem, pale leaves, slender seedlings, and male sterility, whereas the spy-3 mutant exhibited only a mild phenotype, and this was probably due to a more severe mutation in the spy-1 mutant.We compared the ability of the spy mutants and wild-type Col plants to survive severe high-salinity stress conditions. If 7-d-old plants were transferred from normal growth conditions to 200 mM NaCl-containing plates after 7 to 10 d, less than 20% of the wild-type plants survived. In contrast, more than 80% of spy-3 and 70% of spy-1 plants continued to grow and retained a greenish color, which suggested that these two mutants were strongly salt tolerant.

spy-1 and spy-3 mutants were more tolerant of drought stress. (Qin al., 2011).

We also compared plant survival in same tray. In this experiment, the wild-type plants and spy-3 mutants were planted side by side in one soil plot in which the soil water content was more comparable between plants than that in different pots. The earlier bolting and flowering phenotypes of the spy-3 mutant as compared with the wild-type plants were typical GA-elevated phenotypes

Expression

The OsSPY gene was expressed in all tested organs, with high levels in inflorescence meristems and low levels in roots( Shimada et al., 2006). File:My computer/D/1.jpg

Evolution

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Labs working on this gene

1.Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan

2.Field Production Science Center, University of Tokyo, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan

3.RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

4.Department of Chemistry, Joetsu University of Education, Joetsu-shi, Niigata 943-8512, Japan

5.Science and Technology Research Institute,Chiang Mai University,Chiang Mai 50200,Thailand

6.Molecular Biology Laboratory,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University,Chiang Mai 50200,Thailand

7.Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility,Department of Physics and Materials Science,Faculty of Science,Chiang Mai University,Chiang Mai 50200

8.Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics,Commission on Higher Education, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road,Bangkok 10400,Thailand

References

Jacobsen, S.E. and Olszewski, N.E.(1993) Mutations at theS PINDLY locus of Arabidopsisalter gibberellin signal transduction.Plant Cell, 5, 887–896.

Jacobsen, S.E., Binkowski, K.A. and Olszewski, N.E.(1996) SPINDLY, a tetratricopeptide repeat protein involved in gibberellin signal transduction in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 9292–9296.

Swain, S.M., Tseng, T.-S. and Olszewski, N.E. (2001) Altered expression ofSPINDLYaffects gibberellin response and plant development.Plant Physiol.126, 1174–1185.

Thornton, T.M., Swain, S.M. and Olszewski, N.E.(1999) Gibberellin signal transduction presents…the SPY who O-GlcNAc’d me.Trends Plant Sci.4, 424–428.

Qin, F., Kodaira, K. S., Maruyama, K., Mizoi, J., Tran, L. S. P., Fujita, Y., ... & Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. (2011). SPINDLY, a negative regulator of gibberellic acid signaling, is involved in the plant abiotic stress response. Plant physiology, 157(4), 1900-1913.