Os11g0113700
The OsCIPK15 gene;s expression can link O2-deficiency signals to the sugar-sensing cascade to regulate sugar and energy production and to enable rice growth under floodwater.Further more,the OsCIPK15 gene involves in various MAMP-induced immune responses.
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Annotated Information
Function
This gene encodes a protein kinase, the calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 15 (CIPK15), which is a key regulator of the sensing cascade for successful rice germination under flooding [1]. CIPK15 regulates the plant global energy and stress sensor SnRK1A (Snf1-related protein kinase 1) and links O2-deficiency signals to the SnRK1-dependent sugar-sensing cascade to regulate sugar and energy production and to enable rice growth under floodwater. CIPKs are a group of plant-specific Ser-Thr protein kinases containing a conserved 24-amino acid motif, called the NAF (Asn-Ala-Phe) domain, which is in the C-terminal nonkinase region and is sufficient and necessary for CIPK interaction with Calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins. The Arabidopsis CBL-CIPK network consists of 10 CBLs and 25 CIPKs that act in combination with one another, and different pair combinations have been found to participate in signaling pathways related to abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, osmotic, cold, and ABA (abscisic acid). The current works show that CIPK15 integrates sugar- and O2-deficiency signaling processes relevant to germination and seedling growth under floodwater and in mature plants grown under partial flooding. Under O2 deprivation, the CIPK15 pathway is repressed in the tolerant, Sub1A-containing, FR13A variety. CIPK15 is likely to play a role in the up-regulation of Ramy3D in flooding-intolerant rice varieties that display fast elongation under flooding and that do not possess Sub1A [2]. OsCIPK14 and OsCIPK15, which are rapidly induced by MAMPs, involved in various MAMP-induced immune responses including defense-related gene expression, phytoalexin biosynthesis and hypersensitive cell death. MAMP-induced production of reactive oxygen species as well as cell browning were also suppressed in OsCIPK14/15-RNAi transgenic cell lines [3]. OsCIPK14/15 play a crucial role in the microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced defense signaling pathway in rice cultured cells [4].
Mutation
Nipponbare mutant line: A Tos17 insertion in ATG downstream, which turns to be hypersensitive to the effect of anaerobic germination under water [1].
O. sativa FR13A variety: Sub1A-containing variety whose CIPK15 pathway is repressed under O2 deprivation [2].
Expression
OsCIPK14/15 interacted with several OsCBLs through the FISL/NAF motif in yeast cells and showed the strongest interaction with OsCBL4. The recombinant OsCIPK14/15 proteins showed Mn2+-dependent protein kinase activity, which was enhanced both by deletion of their FISL/NAF motifs and by combination with OsCBL4. OsCIPK14/15-RNAitransgenic cell lines showed reduced sensitivity to TvX/EIX for the induction of a wide range of defense responses, including hypersensitive cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, phytoalexin biosynthesis, and pathogenesis-related gene expression. On the other hand, TvX/EIX-induced cell death was enhanced in OsCIPK15-overexpressing lines [3]. In adult plants Sub1A and CIPK15 may perhaps play an antagonistic role in terms of carbohydrate consumption, with Sub1A acting as a starch degradation repressor and CIPK15 as an activator [2].
Evolution
Arabidopsis thaliana genome sequence revealed 10 CBL and 25 CIPK homologues [5]. OsCIPK14/15 showed 44% homology with AtCIPK24/SOS2 at the amino acid level [6]. Amino acid sequences of the N terminus of the kinase domain and the FISL/NAF motif [7] were especially well conserved.
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Labs working on this gene
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC.
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Crop Plant Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278–8510, Japan
- Plant Disease Resistance Research Unit and Division of Genome and Biodiversity Research, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305–8602, Japan
- Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Biotechnology Research Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lee K.W., Chen P.W., Lu C.A., Chen S., Ho T.H.D., Yu S.M. (2009) Coordinated responses to oxygen and sugar deficiency allow rice seedlings to tolerate flooding. Science Signaling, 2, ra61.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 N. P. Kudahettige, C. Pucciariello, S. Parlanti, A. Alpi, P. Perata (2011) Regulatory interplay of the Sub1A and CIPK15 pathways in the regulation of α-amylase production in flooded rice plants. Plant Biology, 13(4): 611-619.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Takamitsu Kurusu, Jumpei Hamada, Haruyasu Hamada, Shigeru Hanamata, Kazuyuki Kuchitsu (2010) Roles of calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinases in innate immunity in rice. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 5(8): 1045-1047.
- ↑ Takamitsu Kurusu, Jumpei Hamada, Hiroshi Nokajima, Youichiro Kitagawa, Masahiro Kiyoduka, Akira Takahashi, Shigeru Hanamata, Ryoko Ohno, Teruyuki Hayashi, Kazunori Okada, Jinichiro Koga, Hirohiko Hirochika, Hisakazu Yamane, Kazuyuki Kuchitsu (2010) Regulation of Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern-Induced Hypersensitive Cell Death, Phytoalexin Production, and Defense Gene Expression by Calcineurin B-Like Protein-Interacting Protein Kinases, OsCIPK14/15, in Rice Cultured Cells. Plant Physiology, 153(2): 678-692.
- ↑ Luan S, Kudla J, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Yalovsky S, Gruissem W (2002) Calmodulins and calcineurin B-like proteins: calcium sensors for specific signal response coupling in plants. Plant Cell (Suppl) 14: S389–S400.
- ↑ Liu J, IshitaniM, Halfter U, Kim CS, Zhu JK (2000) The Arabidopsis thaliana SOS2 gene encodes a protein kinase that is required for salt tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 3730–3734.
- ↑ Albrecht V, Ritz O, Linder S, Harter K, Kudla J (2001) The NAF domain defines a novel protein-protein interaction module conserved in Ca2+- regulated kinases. EMBO J 20: 1051–1063.
