Os12g0101600

Annotated Information

narrow leaf2 narrow leaf3 (nal2 nal3; hereafter nal2/3) double mutant produces narrow-curly leaves, more tillers, fewer lateral roots, opened spikelets and narrow-thin grains.Thenal2/3double mutant was named for its phenotype: the production of narrow leaf blades throughout development. These loci were also termed curly leaf2 (cul2) andcul3, respectively, in the GRAMENE database (http://www.gramene.org/) because the leaf blades exhibited both narrow and curly phenotypes. The singlenal2ornal3mutants did not show any defect in leaf morphology. Compared with the parental wildtype cv ‘Kinmaze’, the widths of leaf blades innal2/3were consistently narrow from early seedling to fully mature stages (Fig. 1a,b; Table S2). In addition, the nal2/3 leaves curled upward(Fig. 1b). The number of large veins (LVs) in the leaf blades wasslightly reduced to c. 80% of wild-type (Fig. 1c; Table S2), and the number of small veins (SVs) between adjacent LVs was remarkably reduced to almost a half of wild-type. The number of SVs between LVs was quite irregular in each leaf blade, and the vein distribution on the left and right side of the midrib was different. Sawtooth hairs at the leaf margins were significantly reduced (Fig. 1d). Ligule, auricle, leaf sheath and stems were also narrower and thinner (Fig. 1e,f; Table S2). Despite the reduction in leaf width, the lengths of leaf blades and leaf sheaths, and plant height were similar to wild-type (Table S2). These results indicate that NAL2/3function is mainly associated with vein patterning during leaf development and lateral-axis expansion during shoot organogenesis

Function

Map-based cloning revealed thatNAL2andNAL3are paralogs that encode an identical OsWOX3A (OsNS) transcriptional activator, homologous to NARROW SHEATH1 (NS1) and NS2 in maize and PRESSED FLOWER in Arabidopsis.OsWOX3Ais expressed in the vascular tissues of various organs, wherenal2/3mutant phenotypes were displayed. Expression levels of several leaf development-associated genes were altered innal2/3, and auxin transportrelated genes were significantly changed, leading topinmutant-like phenotypes such as more tillers and fewer lateral roots.OsWOX3Ais involved in organ development in rice, lateral-axis outgrowth and vascular patterning in leaves, lemma and palea morphogenesis in spikelets, and development of tillers and lateral roots. Please input function information here.

Expression

The ricenarrow leaf2andnarrow leaf3loci encode WUSCHELrelated homeobox 3A (OsWOX3A) and function in leaf, spikelet,tiller and lateral root development.nal2/3 mutation negatively affects both vegetative and reproductive organ development with a severe loss of grain yield. Please input expression information here.

Evolution

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Mutation

narrow leaf2 narrow leaf3(nal2 nal3; hereafternal2/3) double mutant, which produces narrow-curly leaves, more tillers, fewer lateral roots, opened spikelets and narrow-thin grains.Thenal2 nal3(nal2/3) double recessive mutant ofOryza sativaL.japonica rice was previously obtained from Kyushu University,Japan, and has been maintained by the Rural Development Administration, Korea. Thenal2/3mutant was backcrossed twice with a Japanesejaponicarice cv ‘Kinmaze’ and progressed for several generations. Kinmaze was used as the parental wild-type plant in this study. The growth chamber conditions were 12-h light (500lmol m2 s1)at30°C and 12-h dark at 20°C.

Knowledge Extension

map-based cloning to identifyNAL2and NAL3on chromosomes 11 and 12, respectively. They encode an identical OsWOX3A/OsNS protein that is homologous to NS of maize and PRS of Arabidopsis, all of which belong to the same WOX3subfamily (Figs S5b, S6; Zhang et al., 2007). Both NS andPRSplay an important role in the recruitment of founder cells for margin development of lateral organ primordia in monocots and eudicots, respectively (Nardmann et al., 2004). However, the functions ofNS/PRShomologues in other plant species remain unknown. Our histological and molecular studies show that in rice, OsWOX3Ais involved in differentiation of lemma and palea in spikelets, and tiller and LR production, in addition to lateral-axis expansion in leaves. Recently,OsWOX3B/DEP, a homologue of OsWOX3A, has been reported to regulate the formation of bristle-type trichomes in the leaves and glumes (Angeles-Shim et al., 2012). Although they belong to the same subfamily of OsWOX proteins (Fig. S6), the biological function of OsWOX3B/DEP was considerably different from that of OsWOX3A, suggesting that riceWOX3genes within the same subfamily may have diversified to have separate biological functions.

Labs working on this gene

• Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea;Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, Korea

References

• Sung-Hwan Cho;Soo-Cheul Yoo;Haitao Zhang;Devendra Pandeya;Hee-Jong Koh;Ji-Young Hwang;Gyung-Tae Kim;Nam-Chon Paek.The rice narrow leaf2 and narrow leaf3 loci encode WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3A (OsWOX3A) and function in leaf, spikelet, tiller and lateral root development New Phytologist, 2013, 198(4): 1071-1084
• Angeles-Shim RB, Asano K, Takashi T, Shim J, Kuroha T, Ayano M, Ashikari M. 2012.A WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3B gene,depilous(dep), confersglabrousness of rice leaves and glumes.Rice5: 28.
• Chen Y, Fan X, Song W, Zhang Y, Xu G. 2012.Over-expression ofOsPIN2 leads to increased tiller numbers, angle and shorter plant height through suppression ofOsLAZY1.Plant Biotechnology Journal10: 139–149
• Dai M, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Liu H, Zhou DX. 2007.AWUSCHEL-LIKE HOMEOBOXgene represses aYABBYgene expression required for rice leaf development.Plant Physiology144: 380–390
• Zhang X, Madi S, Borsuk L, Nettleton D, Elshire RJ, Buckner B, JanickBuckner D, Beck J, Timmermans M, Schnable PSet al.2007.Laser microdissection of narrow sheath mutant maize uncovers novel gene expression in the shoot apical meristem.PLoS Genetics3: 1040–1052.