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| − | Please input one-sentence summary here.
| + | The rice '''''Os04g0659100''''' was reported as '''''OsGS2''''' in 2000 <ref name="ref1" /> by researchers from Japan. |
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| | ==Annotated Information== | | ==Annotated Information== |
| | + | ===Gene Symbol=== |
| | + | *'''''Os04g0659100''''' '''''<=>''''' '''''OsGS2, GLN2, RGS31''''' |
| | + | |
| | ===Function=== | | ===Function=== |
| − | Please input function information here.
| + | * The rice '''''OsGS2''''' can encode chloroplastic glutamine synthetase proteins. |
| − | OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[[Media:[1]]]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[[Media:[2]]]. | + | * The rice '''''OsGS2''''' is a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP. |
| − | | + | * It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration. |
| − | ===Expression===
| + | * '''''GS2''''' might be involved in assimilation of ammonium derived from many sources such as nitrate in the soil, atmospheric N 2 , and endogenous amino acids as well as from photorespiration |
| − | OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].
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| − | ===Evolution=== | + | ===Phenotypic analysis=== |
| − | Please input evolution information here.
| + | * Each transgenic rice plant line showed a different accumulation level of GS2. |
| | + | * A transgenic plant line, G39-2, which accumulated about 1.5-fold more GS2 than the control plant, had an increased photorespiration capacity. |
| | + | * In another line, G241-12, GS2 was almost lost and photorespiration activity could not be detected. |
| | + | * Fluorescence quenching analysis revealed that photorespiration could prevent the over-reduction of electron transport systems. |
| | + | * When exposed to 150 mM NaCl for 2 weeks, the control rice plants completely lost photosystem II activity, but G39-2 plants retained more than 90% activity after the 2-week treatment, whereas G241-12 plants lost these activities within one week. In the presence of isonicotinic acid hydrazide, an inhibitor of photorespiration, G39-2 showed the same salt tolerance as the control plants. |
| | + | * The intracellular contents of NH 4 + and Na + in the stressed plants correlated well with the levels of GS2. |
| | + | * Thus, the enhancement of photorespiration conferred resistance to salt in rice plants. |
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| | You can also add sub-section(s) at will. | | You can also add sub-section(s) at will. |
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| | ==Labs working on this gene== | | ==Labs working on this gene== |
| − | Please input related labs here.
| + | * Research Institute, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. |
| | + | * Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502 Japan |
| | + | * Plantech Research Institute, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-0033 Japan |
| | + | * Graduate School of Bioagricultral Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan |
| | | | |
| | ==References== | | ==References== |
| − | [1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.
| + | <references> |
| − | | + | * <ref name="ref1"> |
| − | [2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.
| + | Hoshida H, Tanaka Y, Hibino T, Hayashi Y, Tanaka A, Takabe T, Takabe T. |
| − | | + | Enhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses |
| | + | chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Mol Biol. 2000 May;43(1):103-11. PubMed |
| | + | PMID: 10949377. |
| | + | </ref> |
| | + | </references> |
| | ==Structured Information== | | ==Structured Information== |
| − | {{JaponicaGene|
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| − | GeneName = Os04g0659100|
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| − | Description = Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)|
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| − | Version = NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272|
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| − | Length = 6598 bp|
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| − | Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.|
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| − | Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group
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| | | | |
| − | ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
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| − | Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
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| − | Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
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| − | clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
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| − | |
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| − | Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 4|Chromosome 4]]|
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| − | AP = Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554|
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| − | CDS = 34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026<br>,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108<br>,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386<br>|
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| − | GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
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| − | name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554
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| − | source=RiceChromosome04
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| − | preset=GeneLocation
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| − | </gbrowseImage1>|
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| − | GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
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| − | name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554
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| − | source=RiceChromosome04
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| − | preset=GeneLocation
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| − | </gbrowseImage2>|
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| − | CDNA = <cdnaseq>atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga</cdnaseq>|
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| − | AA = <aaseq>MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV</aaseq>|
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| − | DNA = <dnaseqindica>6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct</dnaseqindica>|
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| − | Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001060668.1 RefSeq:Os04g0659100]|
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| − | }}
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| | [[Category:Genes]] | | [[Category:Genes]] |
| | [[Category:Japonica mRNA]] | | [[Category:Japonica mRNA]] |
