Difference between revisions of "Os05g0333200"
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==Annotated Information== | ==Annotated Information== | ||
===Function=== | ===Function=== | ||
| − | The d1 mutant, which is deficient for the heterotrimeric G-protein α subunit (G α ) gene of rice, shows dwarfi sm and sets small round seeds<ref name="ref1" />. Heterotrimeric G proteins, which are composed of α (G α ),β (G β ) and γ (G γ ) subunits, play a variety of roles in a wide range of physiological responses by transducing extracellular information to intracellular components<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" />. Heterotrimeric G proteins act as signal transducer between a receptor (G-protein-coupled receptors, GPCRs) and downstream effectors. G-protein signaling starts with a conformational change of the GPCR upon ligand perception.The GPCR is a guanine-nucleotide-exchange | + | The ''d1'' mutant, which is deficient for the heterotrimeric G-protein α subunit (G α ) gene of rice, shows dwarfi sm and sets small round seeds<ref name="ref1" />. Heterotrimeric G proteins, which are composed of α (G α ),β (G β ) and γ (G γ ) subunits, play a variety of roles in a wide range of physiological responses by transducing extracellular information to intracellular components<ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" />. Heterotrimeric G proteins act as signal transducer between a receptor (G-protein-coupled receptors, GPCRs) and downstream effectors. G-protein signaling starts with a conformational change of the GPCR upon ligand perception.The GPCR is a guanine-nucleotide-exchange |
factor (GEF) and its activation by the ligand promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP in the associated G α subunit. Subsequently, this complex dissociates into a G α -GTP monomer and a G β γ dimer to regulate downstream effectors. Mammals have multiples of each of the > 20 G α , 5 G β and 11 G γgenes<ref name="ref2" />. | factor (GEF) and its activation by the ligand promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP in the associated G α subunit. Subsequently, this complex dissociates into a G α -GTP monomer and a G β γ dimer to regulate downstream effectors. Mammals have multiples of each of the > 20 G α , 5 G β and 11 G γgenes<ref name="ref2" />. | ||
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Contents
Annotated Information
Function
The d1 mutant, which is deficient for the heterotrimeric G-protein α subunit (G α ) gene of rice, shows dwarfi sm and sets small round seeds[1]. Heterotrimeric G proteins, which are composed of α (G α ),β (G β ) and γ (G γ ) subunits, play a variety of roles in a wide range of physiological responses by transducing extracellular information to intracellular components[2][3]. Heterotrimeric G proteins act as signal transducer between a receptor (G-protein-coupled receptors, GPCRs) and downstream effectors. G-protein signaling starts with a conformational change of the GPCR upon ligand perception.The GPCR is a guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) and its activation by the ligand promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP in the associated G α subunit. Subsequently, this complex dissociates into a G α -GTP monomer and a G β γ dimer to regulate downstream effectors. Mammals have multiples of each of the > 20 G α , 5 G β and 11 G γgenes[2].
Expression
The G α protein was expressed in all the organs . Previously, the expression of the Arabidopsis G α(GPA1) was investigated by immunohistochemistry using anti-Arabidopsis G α antibody[4] and it was shown that G α is present throughout all development stages and in all organs examined such as roots, fl oral stems, rosette leaves, cauline leaves, fl owers and seed pods, with the exception of mature seeds. The accumulation of G α in Arabidopsis was higher in immature than in mature organs. The fact that the rice and Arabidopsis G α s were accumulated in the developing organs, fitted well the possibility that plant G α s are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation[1]. The expression pattern of rice G α suggests that this is also the case in rice. It was shown by immunochemical analysis that in Arabidopsis, G α accumulates highly in the root meristems, the shoot apical meristems and the fl oral meristems[4]. The differences in expression in the meristem region between rice and Arabidopsis may refl ect speciesspecifi c expression patterns. The expression of the promoter of the Arabidopsis G α gene (GPA1) has also been investigated using histochemical analysis of transgenic plants expressing the GPA1::GUS reporter gene[5].
Evolution
Studies of proteins that interact with plant G α will also be important for understanding dwarfi sm in d1 . As previously mentioned, many proteins that interact with Arabidopsis G α were isolated, namely three GPCR-type proteins, GCR1,GTG1 and GTG2; one modulator, AtRGS1; four effectors, AtPrin1, AtPLD α 1, PD1 and THF1. It is not known whether rice homologues of these genes interact with rice G α or not[1].
Labs working on this gene
1 Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka Kenjyojima, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1195 Japan
2 Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8604 Japan
3 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,North Carolina 27599, USA
4 Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park,Pennsylvania 16802-5301, USA
5 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724-2212
References
[5]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Izawa Y, Takayanagi Y, Inaba N, et al. Function and expression pattern of the α subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein in rice[J]. Plant and cell physiology, 2010, 51(2): 271-281.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Offermanns S. Mammalian G-protein function in vivo: new insights through altered gene expression[M]//Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Volume 140. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000: 63-133.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Jones A M, Assmann S M. Plants: the latest model system for G‐protein research[J]. EMBO reports, 2004, 5(6): 572-578.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Weiss C A, Huang H, Ma H. Immunolocalization of the G protein alpha subunit encoded by the GPA1 gene in Arabidopsis[J]. The Plant Cell Online, 1993, 5(11): 1513-1528.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Huang H, Weiss C A, Ma H. Regulated expression of the Arabidopsis G protein α subunit gene GPA1[J]. International journal of plant sciences, 1994: 3-14.
