Os04g0659100

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Annotated Information

Function

OsGS2 was also named as OsGLN2, λGS31 which encodes cytoplasmic glutamine synthelase GS2. Glutamine synthelase（GS）a key enzyme of assimilation process which catalyze glutamate and ammonia into glutamine at the existence of ATP[1]. It is the first reaction of nitrogen assimilation. GS2 could catalyze assimilation of amino produced by chloroplasts photorespiration[2].

GS with cytoplasmic GS1 and chloroplast GS2 commonly exists in the form of two kinds of isozymes: GS1 by multiple genes coding, but it is the single gene encoding the GS2. But there are exceptions, and cloned into multiple genes encoding GS2 protein in soybeans and alfalfa. GS2 proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, guided by the signal peptide in chloroplast, then the exercise of functions, mainly for NH4+primary assimilation and photorespiration pathway release NH3 recycling in the chloroplast. Studies have shown that excessive expression of GS2 transgenic tobacco and rice increased light breath ability and the resistance to strong light, but no differences in growth phenotype.

Expression

In most plants, GS2 is expressed in the tissue containing chlorophyll and some plants' roots or nodules also have the existence of GS2[2].

Nitrogen-related genes in different rice varieties have the expression pattern of the flag leaf at different growth stages, we can see from the figure, at any time, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2, OsGS2 are expressed in three varieties, OsGS1.1, OsGS1.2 the expression pattern of consistent, OsGS2 gene expression levels in the flag leaf of three rice varieties in the grain-filling stage is higher, and the most obvious in the Nongken and Yangdao. It is worth noting that, in maturity, OsGS2 gene expression in three varieties more consistent with the grain-filling stage, the highest expression of Yangdao, and low expression of Nipponbare, almost no expression.

Through CREP database in rice Minghui 63 full-genome DNA microarray expression differences obtained GS2 gene expression information in different tissues and organs in the growth period. The expression profile display, GS2 gene is mainly expressed in a large number of leaves and leaf sheaths during vegetative growth period, however, in roots, reproductive organs and seed germination almost no expression.

Evolution

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We could get nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence data of GS2 by BLAST from NCBI database. And then using MEGA(4.0) software analyses of these data to build phylogenetic tree(figure 1)[3].

Labs working on this gene

1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea

2. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Korea

3. Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 456-749, Republic of Korea

4. Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 540-742, Republic of Korea

5. a.National Key Lab of Tobacco Planting and Physiology and Biochemistry; b.College of Life Science; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; China

6. Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias一Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnologia, Univ. de Mklaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.

7. Nitrogen nutrition, plant nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, china

8.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

9.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, china

10.Zhanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094, china

References

[1] Francisco M C, Francisco R G, Angel G G, et al. Molecular physiology of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in developing seedling of conifers[J]. Physiol Plant, 1998,103:287-294.

[2] Kazunari K, Tomoyuki Y, Toahihiko H, et al. Vascular bundle-specific localisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 1992,99:1481-1486.

[3] WANG Mao, SHI Yong-Chun, LIU Quan-Jun, LIU Wei-Qun. Bioinformatic Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Gene in Different Tobacco[J]. LETTERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2009,20(2):199-201.

Structured Information

Gene Name	Os04g0659100
Description	Glutamine synthetase shoot isozyme, chloroplast precursor (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase) (Clone lambda-GS31)
Version	NM_001060668.1 GI:115461065 GeneID:4337272
Length	6598 bp
Definition	Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0659100, complete gene.
Source	Oryza sativa Japonica Group ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
Chromosome	Chromosome 4
Location	Chromosome 4:34022957..34029554
Sequence Coding Region	34023266..34023405,34023792..34023852,34023933..34024092,34026856..34026893,34026973..34027026 ,34027366..34027440,34027557..34027685,34027801..34027888,34028002..34028108 ,34028249..34028297,34028393..34028496,34028677..34028716,34029145..34029386
Expression	GEO Profiles:Os04g0659100
Genome Context	<gbrowseImage1> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554 source=RiceChromosome04 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage1>
Gene Structure	<gbrowseImage2> name=NC_008397:34022957..34029554 source=RiceChromosome04 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage2>
Coding Sequence	<cdnaseq>atggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctgggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaaggacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatacccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatggggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatga</cdnaseq>
Protein Sequence	<aaseq>MAQAVVPAMQCQVGAVRARPAAAAAAAGGRVWGVRRTGRGTSGF RVMAVSTETTGVVTRMEQLLNMDTTPFTDKIIAEYIWVGGTGIDLRSKSRTISKPVED PSELPKWNYDGSSTGQAPGEDSEVILYPQAIFKDPFRGGNNILVMCDTYTPAGEPIPT NKRNRAAQVFSDPKVVSQVPWFGIEQEYTLLQRDVNWPLGWPVGGYPGPQGPYYCAVG SDKSFGRDISDAHYKACLYAGINISGTNGEVMPGQWEYQVGPSVGIEAGDHIWISRYI LERITEQAGVVLTLDPKPIQGDWNGAGCHTNYSTKSMREDGGFEVIKKAILNLSLRHD LHISAYGEGNERRLTGLHETASIDNFSWGVANRGCSIRVGRDTEAKGKGYLEDRRPAS NMDPYVVTALLAETTILWEPTLEAEVLAAKKLALKV</aaseq>
Gene Sequence	<dnaseqindica>6150..6289#5703..5763#5463..5622#2662..2699#2529..2582#2115..2189#1870..1998#1667..1754#1447..1553#1258..1306#1059..1162#839..878#169..410#atcgacgtcgcctcctctcctcctcctcctcgtcgctgcattccggtgagtccgtgcaatgcctgcattttgtgttttcgtgctcggtttcgtctcgtttttgctgatgacaatgttgtttgtttgatgcaggttgagtgagttggtgattatctgtagggggtgaaaatggcgcaggcggtggtgccggcgatgcagtgccaggtcggggccgtgcgggcgaggccggcggcggctgcggcggcggcgggggggagggtgtggggagtcaggaggaccgggcgcggcacgtcggggttcagggtgatggccgtgagcacggagaccaccggggtggtgacgcggatggagcagctgctcaacatggacaccacccccttcaccgacaagatcatcgccgagtacatctggtactgcaaatgctgcatctcacagtgacgcttctgttcttggtttgacccacacaacagtagcagtagcagcagtttcagactttcagatttcagataagccaaatccgcactttttactagcaccaatttagtactactgctacagtttgtaggttttgcactgcaccgttcgattagggaattggatggttgagatatgaatcataggattagctgtgagcaaacattagtagagtacaagttttgccttaaaatagataaaagtttctcaagcatggtggtggctggtggtgactcacactagctgcttttcagttcccacacttgaataataatacttcaggagtgcgaatccccgatgcgttttcctggtgaaagcagcaatatattaacgaatctgcaatcctttttgccacattctgcagggttggaggaactggaattgacctcagaagcaaatcaagggtatgcacttggtatcatcattatcacaaatgttcttgttcttggataaagataccagtgctgtctttaggaagagaagttgcgtttttaggggattagcagtgtacacagcgcctcctttcgttatttactttctacctctttggcccttgaaagaaaaatcgaatgcctgtatttcagacaatatcaaaaccagtggaggacccctcggagctaccaaaatggaactacgatggatcaagcacagggcaagctccaggagaagatagtgaagtcatcttatagtaagaaaaaatattgcagtacatgtgattcttcagtaaagcattctagatttctaattctgtctcttctcttgcgctgtcccccctgatttcagcccacaggctatattcaaggacccatttcgaggtggcaacaacatattggtaccatcccttctccttaatgttttatccttttcaaatgtgcttttcatactaacctgcacataaaagattagctgtgcaatggttagtggcgcatgtgaaaaatcgcatgctagctgatacaaaatctgttgtttcaggttatgtgtgatacctacacaccagctggggaacccatccctactaacaaacgtaacagggctgcacaagtattcagtgatccaaaggttgtcagccaagtgccatggtaactaaacatcaagcacttttgtgctataaattacaatagaaaacatggtttttccatctacttttgtttacatgtgaagttgagacattttctatgcactatttttctaggtttggaatagaacaggagtacactttgctccagagagacgtaaactggcctcttggctggcccgttggaggctaccctgggccccaggtattatactgaacaagaatggagctttgttgatcagataataataaagataaggatggtttaagtccatgtgttgtgtatgcttaataaaacactatcatgctggatattacagggtccatactactgcgctgtaggatcggacaaatcgtttggccgtgacatatcagatgctcactacaaggcatgtctttatgctggaattaacattagtggaacaaatggagaggtcatgcctggtcaggtatgtgtgttgttatttgtcaattagttttctgaatcagtggatatgttttaacttctatgaagaacaaatcctagtgtttaacaagtgaaacttcacaatccttattcatgcagtgggagtaccaggttggacctagtgtcggtattgaagctggagaccacatatggatttcaagatatattcttgaggtatttcaaataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttcaaataataataataaaatatttccctacataatgaaattttggttttctctcttaattttcaaaccatggtttaaaaatcaagctgcatgcatattattgccaagacgtttacatgtgcacattttgtgatccaccttgacattcttacaaatcgcttgttgaaagccatcatctttgttttgttcaaaacatcagaatgttgcatcctatgaatggctatacttttgcttatatcaatttctgcatcagtaaaagcacttctaattatcgtttgctcactgtaatcagagaataacggagcaggctggtgtagtgcttacccttgaccccaaaccaattcaggtatgtcctagtaaattgtccccaactttaaagcgaatcaaacgttaaaggagactgaacatatataatgtactgacagggagactggaatggagctgggtgccacacaaactacaggtttcattatcttcttctgatgttaaagtatcctgcagcataagaacaaagcttagaacacttaacacagctttgctgacatttttcctttgagagaacaactttgttgaccgaactaatgcctattcagagacaaaaataaattccttgggaatttgataggaaagaaaacatatgtgtaagacctaaaataccaatccaaatacggaccgaatatcaagtgttcgtaggtgttaaatctattatatctataaagtaatagaaaaagaagcctccacgtttgctctcacggtctagaaaatcccccgttaatcgaaagaaaataagaaaaaaagaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgttaacggaaaaaaaaacaaagagtaaacggacaaaaaaagttggaaacggaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaaaaatccaatcggacaagaaagagagaaaaaagtgaaaagggacaaaaaaaaagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgggtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttggattccaattttttttctaaaaacatcacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcaataaatgtgaacgaaaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgcaaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattacgccatgattttacaatatgatgctacagtaaacatttgctaataacagattaattaggcttaataaattcgtctcgtagtttcctggcagcatctgtaatttgttttattattggactacgtttaattccttcaaatgtgtgttcatatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatagttatataactaatataaatctttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcgaagtaaaaaaagcttgagatggaaatgaccaaacaaaccacatgcacaagaaaaaaggaaaaatagaagggtattaggattaggttttgtgtaaatggacaaaaaaacaaagattgggtgtggtgtaaacagacaaaaaaaaagttggaaacggacaaaaaagaaaaaatagaaacggacaagaaagatagaaaaagtgaaaacagacaagaaaaatagaaattccaatgttaatcaagaaaaagagaaaaaaaataaccattgagtcatagtagatccagattataacagtttagatttaatatagggtgtgtttagattccaaaaaattttggcgaaaaacgttacatcaaatgtttggacacatgtatggagcattatatatggacgaaaaaaaccaattgcacagtttgcatgtcaattgcgagacgaatcttttgagcctaattatgccatgatttgataatgtgatgctatagtaaacatttgctaatgacagattaataaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcagtttacaggcggattcagtaatttgttttgttattagtctacgtttagtacttcaaatgtgtgtccgtatacttcaaaatttttacacctaaacaactaaacacggccataatggttatacaactaatataaatcttttttttacggaagcttaaagtaactataggaatcggagtaaaaaaaacttgagatggaaacgatcaaacaaaccacatgcacaaagtttatttctaatttaaccaattggattaagaactaatgcattaacttatttaagtaataagggcatgtttagatccgctgacaagttatttcactctgtcacatcgaacgttttaacacctgtatgaagtatattatgaagtattaaatataggcgaaaaaataactaattgcacagattgcgactaatttgcgagacgaatcttttaagcctaattgctacatgatttgacaatgtggtgctagagtaaacatttgctaatgacggattatttaggcttaataaattcgtctcgcattttacaggcggattctgtaatttgttttgttattagactacgtttaatacttcaaatgtatgtcagtatatccgatgtgacatggcaaaaattttcacccctggatctaaacacagcctaagaaaattggactccgcgtttgctctcatggcctagaaattctcatattaatcgaagtccatatagaaaaacaatttacatagataattaaaaaataatgaatattggaagagaaggctagagttcatactggtgtacaatttataactaattgaaatacggaatcagagaaaaataataatagagtccatatagaaatacaattttaaatagcttaaattcgaaattaaaaaaaggaatattgaaagaaaaaactccatatcagtatacaatttagaactaactaaactttggaattaaaaaaagaaaatataagtagaagtttgagtctatattgaaatacaatttataaccttaatttataaaaataaaaaataaaaaatattgaaataagagtttacaatctatataaaaatacaatttagaaaaaaaaatgaaaatttggaatagaaataaggaatattggtagctagccgcgcagtttgcgcgggccaccatactagttgttattgaatacaaatccagaataagcctgtattcacttcgattgactgaatgaatgttctttgtttctcaaacaattgaaatatactgattgtcttgcaaatgtagcaccaagagtatgcgtgaagatggaggatttgaggtgatcaagaaggcaatcctaaacctatcacttcgccatgacttgcatataagtgcatatggtgaaggaaatgaaaggaggttgacaggtttacacgagacagctagcattgacaatttctcatgggtatggtttcagcggcctttttatatctttatgttttaatttctatttttaagctatactaacgaaacatttcattaaagggtgtggcaaaccgtggatgctctattcgggtggggcgagacaccgaggcgaagggaaaaggtatatgttcttccatgtcccctgaaattgttgtgtttgggattcagaaaacactaacatccactggtatattaagcaaccaattgagccctccaaaaccagagtaacatagtttttatagcaaataagcacatcatgtagtaactgcccctattgctcatttgtacttccgtaattcaatacttcgttgttacgctccaaatatttcaggtttgagttgaaaatacaaacatttttttttctgaaactatgaaagaacacaacatcagcaaatgcatgtcttgtaatgttgttttcacaattcacaaatgtgcaacttagtatttgcatttttcaactcaatcttattaacttgcccttacaatgctaaatctccttgctgataggctacttggaagaccgtcgcccggcatcaaacatggacccgtacgtcgtgacagcgctattggctgaaaccacaattctttgggagccaaccctcgaagcggaggttcttgctgctaagaagttggccctgaaggtatgaagaacttggacgatgaatcggggcaaataaatcccagcaaaatttgtttgctgcccaccagtcttgatcttgtatttcttctgtctggggattggtctgtacaaatctgcagtttctagaaaaccacgccaccttccattcgccagttaacattttggttgaacaccacacttgatctgggtctgtattttgagtccatttgtgagtgacagaacggatgatgaaacacatcagggacacttttaagtttcttcagtcctgcgtccttccctcgaaataaaaatgtttccttgttttttatcccgggct</dnaseqindica>
External Link(s)	NCBI Gene:Os04g0659100, RefSeq:Os04g0659100