Difference between revisions of "MADS"
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MADS-box family member are known to be involved in many important processes during plant growth and development<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" />. The word MADS finds its origin from the first letters of its founding members, Mini Chromosome Maintenance 1 (MCM1) of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Agamous (AG) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), Deficiens (DEF) of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) and Serum Response Factor (SRF) of humans (Homo sapiens)<ref name="ref1" />. | MADS-box family member are known to be involved in many important processes during plant growth and development<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" />. The word MADS finds its origin from the first letters of its founding members, Mini Chromosome Maintenance 1 (MCM1) of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Agamous (AG) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), Deficiens (DEF) of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) and Serum Response Factor (SRF) of humans (Homo sapiens)<ref name="ref1" />. | ||
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They are characterized by the presence of a conserved domain of approximately 60 amino acids located in the N-terminal region; this domain is named the MADS-box domain and is involved in DNA binding and dimerization<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" />. The MADS-box family has been divided into two main groups. The type I consists of ARG80/SRF-like genes of animals and fungi, also designated as M-type genes in plants, and type II contains MEF2-like genes of animals and yeast as well as MIKC-type genes of plants<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref3" />.The plant-specific MIKC-type MADS-box proteins include three additional domains followed by the MADS domain, viz. a less-conserved Intervening region of ~30 amino acids, a moderately conserved Keratin-like domain of ~70 amino acids mainly involved in heterodimerization, and a highly variable C-terminal region of variable length implicated in transcriptional activation and higher-order complex formation<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" /<ref name="ref6" />. | They are characterized by the presence of a conserved domain of approximately 60 amino acids located in the N-terminal region; this domain is named the MADS-box domain and is involved in DNA binding and dimerization<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /><ref name="ref3" />. The MADS-box family has been divided into two main groups. The type I consists of ARG80/SRF-like genes of animals and fungi, also designated as M-type genes in plants, and type II contains MEF2-like genes of animals and yeast as well as MIKC-type genes of plants<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref3" />.The plant-specific MIKC-type MADS-box proteins include three additional domains followed by the MADS domain, viz. a less-conserved Intervening region of ~30 amino acids, a moderately conserved Keratin-like domain of ~70 amino acids mainly involved in heterodimerization, and a highly variable C-terminal region of variable length implicated in transcriptional activation and higher-order complex formation<ref name="ref4" /><ref name="ref5" /<ref name="ref6" />. | ||
[[File:mads_box1.jpg|center|thumb|1000px|'''Figure 1.''' ''Protein Structure of '''BGIOSGA004940''' '']] | [[File:mads_box1.jpg|center|thumb|1000px|'''Figure 1.''' ''Protein Structure of '''BGIOSGA004940''' '']] | ||
Revision as of 01:22, 7 June 2014
Contents
Brief Introduction
- 1.1 Background
MADS-box family member are known to be involved in many important processes during plant growth and development[1][2][3]. The word MADS finds its origin from the first letters of its founding members, Mini Chromosome Maintenance 1 (MCM1) of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Agamous (AG) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), Deficiens (DEF) of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) and Serum Response Factor (SRF) of humans (Homo sapiens)[1].
They are characterized by the presence of a conserved domain of approximately 60 amino acids located in the N-terminal region; this domain is named the MADS-box domain and is involved in DNA binding and dimerization[1][2][3]. The MADS-box family has been divided into two main groups. The type I consists of ARG80/SRF-like genes of animals and fungi, also designated as M-type genes in plants, and type II contains MEF2-like genes of animals and yeast as well as MIKC-type genes of plants[1][3].The plant-specific MIKC-type MADS-box proteins include three additional domains followed by the MADS domain, viz. a less-conserved Intervening region of ~30 amino acids, a moderately conserved Keratin-like domain of ~70 amino acids mainly involved in heterodimerization, and a highly variable C-terminal region of variable length implicated in transcriptional activation and higher-order complex formation[4][5].
Figure 2.Gene tree
- 1.2 Evolutionary relationships between rice and Arabidopsis MADS-box family genes.
A separate phylogenetic tree was also generated from complete protein sequences of all the MADS-box genes in rice and Arabidopsis (Figure 3). Of the 75 rice MADS-box genes, 38 grouped with MIKCc, six with MIKC*, nine with Mβ, 13 with Mα and 10 grouped with Mγ-type Arabidopsis genes[6].
Figure 3.Phylogenetic analysis of rice and Arabidopsis MADS-box proteins
- The best studied plant MADS-box transcription factors are those involved in floral organ identity determination. Combinations of A-, B-, and C-function genes determine the development of the four whorls of an Arabidopsis flower: A-function genes determine sepal development; A- and B-function genes determine petal development; B- and C function genes determine the stamen development, and C-function genes are necessary for carpel development[2][3].
Organization and structure of MADS-box genes
- The individual genes were localized on chromosomes based on the 5' and 3' coordinates for respective gene models in TIGR database.Out of five types of MADS-box genes, the Mγ genes were confined to chromosome 1, 3 and 4, while Mβ genes were present only on chromosome 1. No chromosomal bias was observed in the distribution of MIKCc,MIKC* and Mα genes.[6]
Figure 4. Chromosomal location of rice MADS-box
Japonica Group
Indica Group
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Arora R, Agarwal P, Ray S, et al. MADS-box gene family in rice: genome-wide identification, organization and expression profiling during reproductive development and stress[J]. BMC genomics, 2007, 8(1): 242.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Par̆enicová L, de Folter S, Kieffer M, et al. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the complete MADS-box transcription factor family in Arabidopsis new openings to the MADS world[J]. The Plant Cell Online, 2003, 15(7): 1538-1551.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Leseberg C H, Li A, Kang H, et al. Genome-wide analysis of the MADS-box gene family in< i> Populus trichocarpa</i>[J]. Gene, 2006, 378: 84-94.
- ↑ Yang Y, Fanning L, Jack T: The K domain mediates heterodimerization of the Arabidopsis floral organ identity proteins,APETALA3 and PISTILLATA[J]. Plant J 2003, 33(1):47-59.
- ↑ Cho S, Jang S, Chae S, Chung KM, Moon YH, An G, Jang SK: Analysis of the C-terminal region of Arabidopsis thaliana APETALA1 as a transcription activation domain. Plant Mol Biol 1999,40(3):419-429.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Rita Arora, Pinky Agarwal, Swatismita Ray.MADS-box gene family in rice: genome-wide identification,organization and expression profiling during reproductive development and stress.BMC Genomics,2007, 8:242.
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