Os04g0578400
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Contents
Annotated Information
Function
- Carotenoids are a group of approximately 600 known organic pigments naturally found in plants; around 50 of these, including β-carotene, exhibit provitamin A activity[1].β-carotene is the most abundant source of provitamin A in the human diet.
- As a provitamin A compound, β-carotene has been the focus of many scientific studies and public health interventions. For example, many past and ongoing public health interventions have aimed to use β-carotene supplementation as a way of addressing vitamin A deficiency that causes symptoms ranging from night blindness to those of xerophthalmia and keratomalacia, leading to total blindness. In addition, due to β-carotene’s character as a highly active antioxidant, numerous scientific trials have focused on the potential for utilizing β-carotene in the prevention of cancer and other chronic diseases[2].
- Rice (Oryza sativa), a major staple food, is usually milled to remove the oil-rich aleurone layer that turns rancid upon storage, especially in tropical areas. The remaining edible part of rice grains, the endosperm, lacks several essential nutrients, such as β-carotene (provitamin A).
Expression
- Rice is a staple food and no rice cultivar has the capacity to produce β-carotene （provitamin A） in the endosperm tissue(14). Histochemical reactions clearly revealed the accumulation of β-carotene in the endosperm of transgenic seeds of indica rice (Oryza sativaL.) in comparison with non-transgenic control where no β-carotene could be detected(Figure 1).
- Xudong Ye et al.(8) used Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to introduce the entire β-carotene biosynthetic pathway into rice endosperm in a single transformation effort with three vectors(Figure. 2). The vector pB19hpc combines the sequences for a plant phytoene synthase (psy)originating from daffodil (9)(Narcissus pseudonarcissus; GenBank accession number X78814) with the sequence coding for a bacterial phytoene desaturase (crtI) originating from Erwinia uredovora(GenBank accession number D90087) placed under control of the endosperm-specific glutelin (Gt1) and the constitutive CaMV (cauliflower mosaic virus) 35S promoter, respectively. The phytoene synthase cDNA contained a 59-sequence coding for a functional transit peptide (10), and the crtI gene contained the transit peptide (tp) sequence of the pea Rubisco small subunit (11).
- To complete theb-carotene biosynthetic pathway, they also co-transformed with vectors pZPsC and pZLcyH. Vector pZPsC carriespsy and crtI, as in plasmid pB19hpc, but lacks the selectable marker aphIVexpression cassette. Vector pZLcyH provides lycopeneb-cyclase from Narcissus pseudonarcissus(12) (GenBank accession number X98796) controlled by rice glutelin promoter and the aphIVgene controlled by the CaMV 35Spromoter as a selectable marker. Lycopene b-cyclase carried a functional transit peptide allowing plastid import (10).
- In most cases, the transformed endosperms were yellow, indicating carotenoid formation. The pB19hpcsingle transformants (Fig. 3A) showed a 3 :1 (colored/
noncolored) segregation pattern,whereas the pZPsC/pZLcyH co-transformants (Fig. 3B)showed variable segregation. The pB19hpcsingle transformants, engineered to synthesize only lycopene (red), were similar in colorto the pZPsC/pZLcyH co-transformants engineered forb-carotene (yellow) synthesis.
- The carotenoids found in the pB19hpc single transformants accounted for the color; none of theselines accumulated detectable amounts of lycopene. Instead,b-carotene, and to some extent lutein and zeaxanthin, were formed (Fig. 4). Thus, the lycopenea(ε)- andb-cyclases and the hydroxylase are either constitutively expressed
in normal rice endosperm or induced upon lycopene formation.
Evolution
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Labs working on this gene
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References
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Structured Information
| Gene Name |
Os04g0578400 |
|---|---|
| Description |
Similar to Beta-ring hydroxylase (Fragment) |
| Version |
NM_001060175.1 GI:115460079 GeneID:4336753 |
| Length |
2048 bp |
| Definition |
Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os04g0578400, complete gene. |
| Source |
Oryza sativa Japonica Group ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
|
| Chromosome | |
| Location |
Chromosome 4:29555718..29557765 |
| Sequence Coding Region |
29555820..29556230,29556369..29556428,29556529..29556735,29556846..29556971,29557093..29557149 |
| Expression | |
| Genome Context |
<gbrowseImage1> name=NC_008397:29555718..29557765 source=RiceChromosome04 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage1> |
| Gene Structure |
<gbrowseImage2> name=NC_008397:29555718..29557765 source=RiceChromosome04 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage2> |
| Coding Sequence |
<cdnaseq>atggccaccggtctctccggcggcgctatgaccagcttcgccgtcaagaagccgctcctcgcggccgccgtgcgccgccggtcgtggcccccgccgtcgggccgcgcgctgccgttctcgccgctcacgcggaccccgcgcagccgcgggctcgggaccgtcacgtgcttcgtgccgcagggcacggagagccagcaggccccggctccgtccccgccgccgacggtgcccgtgcccgtgccctcgctggaggaagaggcggctgccgcggcggcgcggcgcatcgcggagaggaaggcgcggaagctgtcggagaggcggacgtacctggttgcggccgtcatgtccagcctcggcttcacgtccatggccgtcgccgccgtgtactaccgcttccattggcaactggagggcggggatgtgccgatgaccgagatgtttggcacgtttgcgctctccgtcggcgcagcggttgggatggagttctgggcgcagtgggcgcaccgctcgctgtggcacgcctccctgtggcacatgcacgagtcgcaccaccgtgcgcgcgagggcccgttcgagctcaacgacgtgttcgccatcaccaacgccgtgccggccatctccctcctcgcctacggcttcttccaccggggcatcgtccccggcctctgcttcggcgcgggcctcgggattacgctgttcggcatggcctacatgttcgtccacgacggcctggtccaccgccgcttccccgtcggccccatcgcgaatgtgccctacttccggcgagtggccgcggcccacaagatacaccacacggacaagttcgagggcgtaccgtatgggctgtttcttggacccaaggagctggaggaggttggtggtctggaagagctggagaaggagcttgcgagaatcaaccggagcttgtga</cdnaseq> |
| Protein Sequence |
<aaseq>MATGLSGGAMTSFAVKKPLLAAAVRRRSWPPPSGRALPFSPLTR TPRSRGLGTVTCFVPQGTESQQAPAPSPPPTVPVPVPSLEEEAAAAAARRIAERKARK LSERRTYLVAAVMSSLGFTSMAVAAVYYRFHWQLEGGDVPMTEMFGTFALSVGAAVGM EFWAQWAHRSLWHASLWHMHESHHRAREGPFELNDVFAITNAVPAISLLAYGFFHRGI VPGLCFGAGLGITLFGMAYMFVHDGLVHRRFPVGPIANVPYFRRVAAAHKIHHTDKFE GVPYGLFLGPKELEEVGGLEELEKELARINRSL</aaseq> |
| Gene Sequence |
<dnaseqindica>103..513#652..711#812..1018#1129..1254#1376..1432#1555..1623#gtctctcgattacactcccccgtcacactctcccgctccatccctgtccacgaaagcgcgcgcgggtaagatacgaggccgggagggaagaacgaccacggcatggccaccggtctctccggcggcgctatgaccagcttcgccgtcaagaagccgctcctcgcggccgccgtgcgccgccggtcgtggcccccgccgtcgggccgcgcgctgccgttctcgccgctcacgcggaccccgcgcagccgcgggctcgggaccgtcacgtgcttcgtgccgcagggcacggagagccagcaggccccggctccgtccccgccgccgacggtgcccgtgcccgtgccctcgctggaggaagaggcggctgccgcggcggcgcggcgcatcgcggagaggaaggcgcggaagctgtcggagaggcggacgtacctggttgcggccgtcatgtccagcctcggcttcacgtccatggccgtcgccgccgtgtactaccgcttccattggcaactggaggtacatctcctcttcgcttctacttccattatagtatgcggagaagtcatcgccgtaatttttgccggacaagatgtcccagtaatttaagtgtgcaaatggttgttgaccgtggttgatatctgtgcggccgtgcagggcggggatgtgccgatgaccgagatgtttggcacgtttgcgctctccgtcggcgcagcggtaagcggccgtgacaccgcaaaatccctgtttgctcgctgataacgtccttgggatgtcaaaattttgcttaattttgacgctcgctggggggttgcaggttgggatggagttctgggcgcagtgggcgcaccgctcgctgtggcacgcctccctgtggcacatgcacgagtcgcaccaccgtgcgcgcgagggcccgttcgagctcaacgacgtgttcgccatcaccaacgccgtgccggccatctccctcctcgcctacggcttcttccaccggggcatcgtccccggcctctgcttcggcgcggtaagcccagcgccctgcagggagcacgtaacgctctctctggtcggccgggcccacctgtcagagccatccaattgggatctgacctgccacgtgtccgtttcttacagggcctcgggattacgctgttcggcatggcctacatgttcgtccacgacggcctggtccaccgccgcttccccgtcggccccatcgcgaatgtgccctacttccggcgagtggccgcggcccacaaggtacgagaccaccagctgctcactgacgtttactgcaccactactactagtccacgctgctactactactactggctagagagtgtacttttgctgattttctttgtgtggccacgagcagatacaccacacggacaagttcgagggcgtaccgtatgggctgtttcttggacccaaggtgcgtgactggtgcctatgcatttgtcgtctatatgtgcttgtgaccagtacatgacaaagcaatcctggtttccttgtaccgtcttctcgatctcaacgtgtgtgtggtcgtgcgtgcaggagctggaggaggttggtggtctggaagagctggagaaggagcttgcgagaatcaaccggagcttgtgattttgacggcggcaattgcagctagcaagactgcgcctgtcgagctagcagaattgcctttgccttgcaagattttttgtatttctggccgcttcgtcgactccattaattgtcggtaccggagagaaggggactccagaagcggaagcgcttcgagtatacgacgatgtggcagcggtgaagagcacagtatatttgtttgattgtggcctgtggcatgcatgcgtctctgcggctgaacattgtaaggaggatgttctgtgggatggttattctttgaatttcactgcgccaacgtttttggtggagacgttgtgcgtccagtcccctgtcttgtaagaagcaccacattactgtgtataacacatgttagagattgttaaccacttcaatgaaactaaaataggtggttggcaacaatgctg</dnaseqindica> |
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