Disease Detail Information

The detail information of Narcolepsy

OMIA Basic Information

Possible human homologues (MIM numbers):

Mendelian trait/disorder: yes

Mode of inheritance: Autosomal Recessive

Considered a defect: yes

Year key mutation first reported: 1999

Species-specific name: -

Species-specific symbol: canarc-1

More detail information can see in

Associated Breeds

iDog Breed Number	Breed Name	Height	Weight	Breed Source
CB2	Afghan Hound	63.5-68.6 cm	22.7-27.2 kg	Afghanistan
CB24	English Beagle	33 cm & under 33-38.1 cm	under 9.1 kg (5.9 inches & under), 9.1-13.6 kg (5.9-6.8 inches)	United Kingdom (England)
CB83	Dachshund	20.3-22.9 cm (standard), 12.7-15.2 cm (miniature)	7.3-14.5 kg (standard), 5 kg & under (miniature)	Germany
CB88	Doberman Pinscher	66-71.1 cm (male), 61-66 cm (female)	34-45.4 kg (male), 27.2-40.8 kg (female)	Germany
CB114	Giant Schnauzer	64.8-69.9 cm (male), 59.7-64.8 cm (female)	27.2-38.6 kg (male), 24.9-34 kg (female)	Germany
CB131	Irish Setter	68.6 cm (male), 63.5 cm (female)	31.8 kg (male), 27.2 kg (female)	Ireland
CB147	Labrador Retriever	57.2-62.2 cm (male), 54.6-59.7 cm (female)	29.5-36.3 kg (male), 24.9-31.8 kg (female)	Canada, United Kingdom (England)
CB285	Miniature Smooth-Haired Dachshund		4.5 kg	Germany
CB205	Rottweiler	61-68.6 cm (male), 55.9-63.5 cm (female)	49.9-59 kg (male), 34.9-49.9 kg (female)	Germany
CB290	Smooth-Haired Vizsla	58 cm (male), 56 cm (female)	22.5-29.5 kg (male), 18-25kg (female)
CB97	English Springer Spaniel	50.8 cm (male), 48.3 cm (female)	22.7 kg (male), 18.1 kg (female)	United Kingdom (England)
CB269	Standard Poodle	56-66 cm

Associated Gene

Symbol	Description	Species	Position	Other Links
HCRTR2	hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	Chr12 : 23015406 - 23120685	Homologene, Ensembl, NCBI gene

References

Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.

2021	Mondino,A.,Delucchi,L.,Moeser,A.,Cerdá-González,S.,Vanini,G.: : Sleep Disorders in dogs: A Pathophysiological and Clinical Review. Top Companion Anim Med 43:100516, 2021. Pubmed reference: 33556640 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100516 .
2013	Toth,L.A.,Bhargava,P.: : Animal models of sleep disorders. Comp Med 63:91-104, 2013. Pubmed reference: 23582416 .
2009	Chen,L.,Brown,RE.,McKenna,JT.,McCarley,RW.: : Animal models of narcolepsy. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 8:296-308, 2009. Pubmed reference: 19689311 .
2008	Mishima,K.,Fujiki,N.,Yoshida,Y.,Sakurai,T.,Honda,M.,Mignot,E.,Nishino,S.: : Hypocretin receptor expression in canine and murine narcolepsy models and in hypocretin-ligand deficient human narcolepsy. Sleep 31:1119-26, 2008. Pubmed reference: 18714784 .
2007	Tonokura,M.,Fujita,K.,Nishino,S.: : Review of pathophysiology and clinical management of narcolepsy in dogs. Vet Rec 161:375-80, 2007. Pubmed reference: 17873267 .
2004	John,J.,Wu,MF.,Maidment,NT.,Lam,HA.,Boehmer,LN.,Patton,M.,Siegel,JM.: : Developmental changes in CSF hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) levels in normal and genetically narcoleptic Doberman pinschers. J Physiol 560:587-92, 2004.
2004	John,J.,Wu,MF.,Maidment,NT.,Lam,HA.,Boehmer,LN.,Patton,M.,Siegel,JM.: : Developmental changes in CSF hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) levels in normal and genetically narcoleptic Doberman pinschers. J Physiol 560:587-92, 2004. Pubmed reference: 15308685 . DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.070573 .
2003	Fujiki,N.,Yoshida,Y.,Ripley,B.,Mignot,E.,Nishino,S.: : Effects of IV and ICV hypocretin-1 (orexin A) in hypocretin receptor-2 gene mutated narcoleptic dogs and IV hypocretin-1 replacement therapy in a hypocretin-ligand-deficient narcoleptic dog. Sleep 26:953-9, 2003. Pubmed reference: 14746368 .
2003	Tonokura,M.,Fujita,K.,Morozumi,M.,Yoshida,Y.,Kanbayashi,T.,Nishino,S.: : Narcolepsy in a hypocretin/orexin-deficient chihuahua Veterinary Record 152:776-9, 2003. Pubmed reference: 12846289 .
2002	Fujiki,N.,Morris,L.,Mignot,E.,Nishino,S.: : Analysis of onset location, laterality and propagation of cataplexy in canine narcolepsy Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences 56:275-276, 2002.
2002	Gulyani,S.,Wu,M.F.,Nienhuis,R.,John,J.,Siegel,J.M.: : Cataplexy-related neurons in the amygdala of the narcoleptic dog Neuroscience 112:355-365, 2002. Pubmed reference: 12044453 .
2001	Hungs,M.,Fan,J.,Lin,L.,Lin,X.Y.,Grigoriadis,D.,Maki,R.A.,Mignot,E.: : Identification and functional analysis of mutations in the hypocretin (Orexin) genes of narcoleptic canines (vol 11, pg 531, 2001) Genome Research 11:919, 2001.
2001	Hungs,M.,Fan,J.,Lin,L.,Lin,X.Y.,Maki,R.A.,Mignot,E.: : Identification and functional analysis of mutations in the Hypocretin (Orexin) genes of narcoleptic canines Genome Research 11:531-539, 2001. Pubmed reference: 11282968 . DOI: 10.1101/gr.161001 .
2001	Nishino,S.,Fujiki,N.,Ripley,B.,Sakurai,E.,Kato,M.,Watanabe,T.,Mignot,E.,Yanai,K.: : Decreased brain histamine content in hypocretin/orexin receptor-2 mutated narcoleptics dogs Neuroscience Letters 313:125-128, 2001. Pubmed reference: 11682143 .
2001	Ripley,B.,Fujiki,N.,Okura,M.,Mignot,E.,Nishino,S.: : Hypocretin levels in sporadic and familial cases of canine narcolepsy Neurobiology of Disease 8:525-534, 2001. Pubmed reference: 11442359 . DOI: 10.1006/nbdi.2001.0389 .
1999	Coleman,E.S.: : Canine narcolepsy and the role of the nervous system Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 21:641-650, 1999.
1999	Faraco,J.,Lin,X.,Li,R.,Hinton,L.,Lin,L.,Mignot,E.: : Genetic studies in narcolepsy, a disorder affecting REM sleep Journal of Heredity 90:129-132, 1999. Pubmed reference: 9987919 .
1999	Lin,L.,Faraco,J.,Li,R.,Kadotani,H.,Rogers,W.,Lin,X.Y.,Qiu,X.H.,de,Jong,P.J.,Nishino,S.,Mignot,E.: : The sleep disorder canine narcolepsy is caused by a mutation in the hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2 gene Cell 98:365-376, 1999. Pubmed reference: 10458611 .
1999	Ostrander,E.A.,Giniger,E.: : Let sleeping dogs lie? Nat Genet 23:3-4, 1999. Pubmed reference: 10471483 . DOI: 10.1038/12591 .
1999	Reilly,C.E.: : Mutation in the hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2 gene causes canine narcolepsy Journal of Neurology 246:985-986, 1999. Pubmed reference: 10552257 .
1999	Siegel,J.M.,Nienhuis,R.,Gulyani,S.,Ouyang,S.,Wu,M.F.,Mignot,E.,Switzer,R.C.,McMurry,G.,Cornford,M.: : Neuronal degeneration in canine narcolepsy Journal of Neuroscience 19:248-257, 1999. Pubmed reference: 9870955 .
1998	Cederberg,R.,Nishino,S.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Breeding history of the Stanford colony of narcoleptic dogs Veterinary Record 142:31-36, 1998. Pubmed reference: 9481825 .
1997	Honda,K.,Riehl,J.,Inoue,S.,Mignot,E.,Nishino,S.: : Central administration of vitamin B-12 aggravates cataplexy in canine narcolepsy Neuroreport 8:3861-3865, 1997. Pubmed reference: 9462456 .
1997	Nishino,S.,Arrigoni,J.,Shelton,J.,Kanbayashi,T.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its analogs on daytime sleepiness and cataplexy in canine narcolepsy Journal of Neuroscience 17:6401-6408, 1997. Pubmed reference: 9236248 .
1997	Nishino,S.,Mignot,E.: : Pharmacological aspects of human and canine narcolepsy [Review] Progress in Neurobiology 52:27-78, 1997. Pubmed reference: 9185233 .
1997	Nishino,S.,Tafti,M.,Sampathkumaran,R.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Circadian distribution of rest/activity in narcoleptic and control dogs - assessment with ambulatory activity monitoring Journal of Sleep Research 6:120-127, 1997. Pubmed reference: 9377531 .
1997	Tafti,M.,Nishino,S.,Liao,W.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Mesopontine organization of cholinergic and catecholaminergic cell groups in the normal and narcoleptic dog Journal of Comparative Neurology 379:185-197, 1997. Pubmed reference: 9050784 .
1996	Kanbayashi,T.,Nishino,S.,Tafti,M.,Hishikawa,Y.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Thalidomide, a hypnotic with immune modulating properties, increases cataplexy in canine narcolepsy Neuroreport 7:1881-1886, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8905685 .
1996	Reid,M.S.,Tafti,M.,Nishino,S.,Sampathkumaran,R.,Siegel,J.M.,Mignot,E.: : Local administration of dopaminergic drugs into the ventral tegmental area modulates cataplexy in the narcoleptic canine Brain Research 733:83-100, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8891251 .
1996	Tafti,M.,Nishino,S.,Aldrich,M.S.,Liao,W.N.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Major histocompatibility class II molecules in the CNS - increased microglial expression at the onset of narcolepsy in a canine model Journal of Neuroscience 16:4588-4595, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8764647 .
1995	Nishino,S.,Tafti,M.,Reid,M.S.,Shelton,J.,Siegel,J.M.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Muscle atonia is triggered by cholinergic stimulation of the basal forebrain: Implication for the pathophysiology of canine narcolepsy Journal of Neuroscience 15:4806-4814, 1995. Pubmed reference: 7623112 .
1995	Nitz,D.,Andersen,A.,Fahringer,H.,Nienhuis,R.,Mignot,E.,Siegel,J.: : Altered distribution of cholinergic cells in the narcoleptic dog Neuroreport 6:1521-1524, 1995. Pubmed reference: 7579139 .
1995	Shelton,J.,Nishino,S.,Vaught,J.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Comparative effects of modafinil and amphetamine on daytime sleepiness and cataplexy of narcoleptic dogs Sleep 18:817-826, 1995. Pubmed reference: 8746387 .
1994	Mignot,E.,Bell,R.A.,Rattazzi,C.,Lovett,M.,Grumet,F.C.,Dement,W.C.: : An immunoglobulin switchlike sequence is linked with canine narcolepsy Sleep 17:S68-S76, 1994. Pubmed reference: 7701203 .
1994	Nishino,S.,Reid,M.S.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Neuropharmacology and neurochemistry of canine narcolepsy Sleep 17:S84-S92, 1994. Pubmed reference: 7701206 .
1994	Reid,M.S.,Siegel,J.M.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Cholinergic Mechanisms in Canine Narcolepsy .2. Acetylcholine Release in the Pontine Reticular Formation Is Enhanced During Cataplexy Neuroscience 59:523-530, 1994. Pubmed reference: 8008206 .
1994	Reid,M.S.,Tafti,M.,Geary,J.N.,Nishino,S.,Siegel,J.M.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Cholinergic Mechanisms in Canine Narcolepsy .1. Modulation of Cataplexy via Local Drug Administration into the Pontine Reticular Formation Neuroscience 59:511-522, 1994. Pubmed reference: 8008205 .
1994	Reid,M.S.,Tafti,M.,Nishino,S.,Siegel,J.M.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Cholinergic regulation of cataplexy in canine narcolepsy in the pontine reticular formation is mediated by M2 muscarinic receptors Sleep 17:424-435, 1994. Pubmed reference: 7991953 .
1993	Mignot,E.J.M.,Dement,W.C.: : Narcolepsy in Animals and Man Equine Veterinary Journal 25:476-477, 1993. Pubmed reference: 8275992 .
1993	Mignot,E.,Nishino,S.,Sharp,L.H.,Arrigoni,J.,Siegel,J.M.,Reid,M.S.,Edgar,D.M.,Ciaranello,R.D.,Dement,W.C.: : Heterozygosity at the canarc-1 Locus Can Confer Susceptibility for Narcolepsy - Induction of Cataplexy in Heterozygous Asymptomatic Dogs After Administration of a Combination of Drugs Acting on Monoaminergic and Cholinergic Systems Journal of Neuroscience 13:1057-1064, 1993. Pubmed reference: 8095066 .
1993	Nishino,S.,Fruhstorfer,B.,Arrigoni,J.,Guilleminault,C.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Further Characterization of the Alpha-1 Receptor Subtype Involved in the Control of Cataplexy in Canine Narcolepsy Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 264:1079-1084, 1993. Pubmed reference: 8095546 .
1992	Nishino,S.,Arrigoni,J.,Sharp,L.H.,Shelton,J.D.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Serum Prolactin Response to a D2 Antagonist in Narcoleptic and Control Canines Sleep 15:474-475, 1992. Pubmed reference: 1455131 .
1992	Valtier,D.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Monoaminergic Uptake in Synaptosomes Prepared from Frozen Brain Tissue Samples of Normal and Narcoleptic Canines Brain Research 588:115-119, 1992. Pubmed reference: 1393561 .
1991	Kornberg,M.,Kornberg,L.,Blanke,E.,Wagner,V.,Dahme,E.: : A Case of Narcolepsy in a Giant-Schnauzer Kleintierpraxis 36:271, 1991.
1991	Mignot,E.,Wang,C.,Rattazzi,C.,Gaiser,C.,Lovett,M.,Guilleminault,C.,Dement,W.C.,Grumet,F.C.: : Genetic Linkage of Autosomal Recessive Canine Narcolepsy with a mu-Immunoglobulin Heavy-Chain Switch-Like Segment Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88:3475-3478, 1991. Pubmed reference: 1673032 .
1991	Nishino,S.,Arrigoni,J.,Valtier,D.,Miller,J.D.,Guilleminault,C.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Dopamine-D2 Mechanisms in Canine Narcolepsy Journal of Neuroscience 11:2666-2671, 1991. Pubmed reference: 1831837 .
1991	Renaud,A.,Nishino,S.,Dement,W.C.,Guilleminault,C.,Mignot,E.: : Effects of SDZ NVI-085, a Putative Subtype-Selective alpha1- Agonist, on Canine Cataplexy, a Disorder of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep European Journal of Pharmacology 205:11-16, 1991. Pubmed reference: 1687464 .
1991	Valtier,D.,Nishino,S.,Guilleminault,C.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Platelet alpha2 Adrenoceptors in Human and Canine Narcolepsy Biological Psychiatry 29:376-382, 1991. Pubmed reference: 1645207 .
1990	Miller,J.D.,Faull,K.F.,Bowersox,S.S.,Dement,W.C.: : CNS Monoamines and Their Metabolites in Canine Narcolepsy - A Replication Study Brain Research 509:169-171, 1990. Pubmed reference: 1689603 .
1990	Nishino,S.,Haak,L.,Shepherd,H.,Guilleminault,C.,Sakai,T.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: : Effects of Central Alpha-2 Adrenergic Compounds on Canine Narcolepsy, a Disorder of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 253:1145-1152, 1990. Pubmed reference: 1972749 .
1989	Dean,R.R.,Kilduff,T.S.,Dement,W.C.,Grumet,F.C.: : Narcolepsy without unique MHC class II antigen association: studies in the canine model. Hum Immunol 25:27-35, 1989. Pubmed reference: 2523880 .
1989	Fruhstorfer,B.,Mignot,E.,Bowersox,S.,Nishino,S.,Dement,W.C.,Guilleminault,C.: : Canine Narcolepsy Is Associated with an Elevated Number of Alpha-2-Receptors in the Locus Coeruleus Brain Research 500:209-214, 1989. Pubmed reference: 2557958 .
1989	Geisler,P.,Albert,E.: : Immunogenetics of Narcolepsy Sleep 88 :117-122, 1989.
1989	Motoyama,M.,Kilduff,T.S.,Lee,B.S.M.,Dement,W.C.,Mcdevitt,H.O.: : Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism in Canine Narcolepsy Immunogenetics 29:124-126, 1989. Pubmed reference: 2563354 .
1989	Vanheerden,J.,Eckersley,G.N.: : Narcolepsy in a Long-Haired Dachshund Journal of the South African Veterinary Association-Tydskrif Van Die Suid-Afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging 60:151-153, 1989.
1987	Bowersox,S.S.,Kilduff,T.S.,Faull,K.F.,Zeller-DeAmicis,L.,Dement,W.C.,Ciaranello,R.D.: : Brain dopamine receptor levels elevated in canine narcolepsy. Brain Res 402:44-8, 1987. Pubmed reference: 3828787 .
1986	Bowersox,S.S.,Kilduff,T.S.,Kaitin,K.I.,Dement,W.C.,Ciaranello,R.D.: : Brain benzodiazepine receptor characteristics in canine narcolepsy. Sleep 9:111-5, 1986. Pubmed reference: 3010425 .
1986	Kaitin,K.I.,Kilduff,T.S.,Dement,W.C.: : Sleep fragmentation in canine narcolepsy. Sleep 9:116-9, 1986. Pubmed reference: 3704433 .
1986	Kilduff,T.S.,Bowersox,S.S.,Kaitin,K.I.,Baker,T.L.,Ciaranello,R.D.,Dement,W.C.: : Muscarinic cholinergic receptors and the canine model of narcolepsy. Sleep 9:102-6, 1986. Pubmed reference: 3704431 .
1986	Lammers,G.J.: : [Narcolepsy in dogs: an unusual disease]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 111:985-7, 1986. Pubmed reference: 3775753 .
1986	Siegel,J.M.,Fahringer,H.,Tomaszewski,K.S.,Kaitin,K.,Kilduff,T.,Dement,W.C.: : Heart rate and blood pressure changes associated with cataplexy in canine narcolepsy. Sleep 9:216-21, 1986. Pubmed reference: 3704445 .
1984	Boehme,R.E.,Baker,T.L.,Mefford,I.N.,Barchas,J.D.,Dement,W.C.,Ciaranello,R.D.: : Narcolepsy: cholinergic receptor changes in an animal model. Life Sci 34:1825-8, 1984. Pubmed reference: 6539848 .
1983	Mefford,I.N.,Baker,T.L.,Boehme,R.,Foutz,A.S.,Ciaranello,R.D.,Barchas,J.D.,Dement,W.C.: : Narcolepsy: biogenic amine deficits in an animal model. Science 220:629-32, 1983. Pubmed reference: 6188216 .
1982	Baker,T.L.,Foutz,A.S.,McNerney,V.,Mitler,M.M.,Dement,W.C.: : Canine model of narcolepsy: genetic and developmental determinants. Exp Neurol 75:729-42, 1982. Pubmed reference: 7199479 .
1980	Foutz,A.S.,Mitler,M.M.,Dement,W.C.: : Narcolepsy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 10:65-80, 1980. Pubmed reference: 6996290 .
1979	Foutz,A.S.,Mitler,M.M.,Cavalli-Sforza,L.L.,Dement,W.C.: : Genetic factors in canine narcolepsy. Sleep 1:413-21, 1979. Pubmed reference: 574310 .
1977	Darke,P.G.,Jessen,V.: : Narcolepsy in a dog. Vet Rec 101:117-8, 1977. Pubmed reference: 562026 .
1977	Mitler,M.M.,Dement,W.C.: : Sleep studies on canine narcolepsy: pattern and cycle comparisons between affected and normal dogs. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 43:691-9, 1977. Pubmed reference: 72649 .
1976	Mitler,M.M.,Soave,O.,Dement,W.C.: : Narcolepsy in seven dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 168:1036-8, 1976. Pubmed reference: 945254 .
1974	Mitler,M.M.,Boysen,B.G.,Campbell,L.,Dement,W.C.: : Narcolepsy-cataplexy in a female dog. Exp Neurol 45:332-40, 1974. Pubmed reference: 4472992 .
1973	Knecht,CD.,Oliver,JE.,Redding,R.,Selcer,R.,Johnson,G.: : Narcolepsy in a dog and a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 162:1052-3, 1973. Pubmed reference: 4736237 .