Disease Description: Anemia caused by the destruction of the red blood cells by an autoimmune process. Particularly common in cocker spaniels and Old English sheepdogs, as well as several other breeds.
Inherit Mode: -
Disease Symptom: Symptoms include: Pale gums; Weakness; Lethargy; Lack of willingness to exercise; Fainting; Dizziness ;Difficulty breathing, or breathing rapidly ;Disorientation; Yellowing of the mucous membranes; Poor appetite ;Vomiting
Disease Cause: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in dogs may be either primary or secondary.
Disease Diagnose: The veterinarian will perform a complete physical examination, and will focus on a test called a complete blood count, or CBC.Further evaluations may include serologic blood tests to check for parasites, a Coombs test to check for antibodies, and lab testing for finding the specific number or percentage of immature blood cells, known as reticulocytes. Other testing will continue, especially if the veterinarian suspects a secondary cause for your dog’s hemolytic anemia. The veterinarian may perform a biochemistry profile to check for the functionality of his organs, urinalysis to check for kidney function and for any urinary tract infection, chest x-rays to test for cancer within the lungs, abdominal x-rays to test for cancer, as well as an abdominal ultrasound.
Treat Method: Treatment methods may vary, depending on the specific cause of your dog’s hemolytic anemia. If your dog has this autoimmune disorder, either primary or secondary in nature, treatment methods may include: Blood Transfusion;Immunosuppressive Therapy;Specific Treatments
Breeder Advice: -
Disease Description Source: Link
Disease Name | Other Name | Mode of inheritance | Link ID | Possible OMIM ID | Gene |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haemolytic anaemia | - | - | - | - | |
Haemolytic anaemia, autoimmune | Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia | - | - | ||
Haemolytic anaemia, nonspherocytic | - | - | - | - | |
Haemolytic anaemia, primary autoimmune | - | - | - | - |
iDog Breed Number | Breed Name | Personality | Height | Weight | Breed Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CB4 | Akita | Dignified, courageous, and profoundly loyal to their humans | 66-71.1 cm (male), 61-66 cm (female) | 45.4-59 kg (male), 31.8-45.4 kg (female) | Japan |
CB21 | Basset Fauve de Bretagne(Fawn Brittany Basset) | Smart, Cheerful, Determined | 32–38 cm (13–15 in) | France | |
CB23 | Bavarian Mountain Scent Hound | Loyal, Versatile, Reserved with Strangers | 17-20.5 inches | 37-66 pound | |
CB25 | Bearded Collie | Bouncy, charismatic, friendly; smart, but also stubborn and independent | 53.3-55.9 cm (male), 50.8-53.3 cm (female) | 20.4-24.9 kg | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
CB78 | Cocker Spaniel | Happy, smart, gentle | 36.8-39.4 cm (male), 34.3-36.8 cm (female) | 11.3-13.6 kg (male), 9.1-11.3 kg (female) | |
CB89 | Dogo Argentino | Loyal, trustworthy,courageous | 61-68.6 cm (male), 59.7-66 cm (female) | 36.3-45.4 kg | Argentina |
CB98 | English Toy Spaniel | Affectionate, Alert, Merry | 22.9-25.4 cm | 3.6-6.4 kg | England |
CB115 | Irish Glen of Imaal Terrier | Gentler, less excitable than most terriers, but still bold and spirited | 31.8-35.6 cm | 14.5-18.1 kg | Ireland |
CB117 | Gordon Setter | Bold, confident, and resolute afield; sweetly affectionate by the fireside | 61-68.6 cm (male), 58.4-66 cm (female) | 24.9-36.3 kg (male), 20.4-31.8 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
CB132 | Irish Terrier | Bold, dashing, even reckless; stouthearted at work, tenderhearted at home | 45.7 cm | 12.2 kg (male), 11.3 kg (female) | Ireland |
CB162 | Mountain Cur | Intelligent, Strong-Willed | 41-66cm | 13.6-27.2kg | United States |
CB167 | Norfolk Terrier | Alert, fearless, fun-loving, and more sociable than the usual terrier | 22.9-25.4 cm | 5-5.4 kg | United Kingdom |
CB175 | Otterhound | Even-Tempered, amiable, boisterous | 68.6 cm (male), 61 cm (female) | 52.2 kg (male), 36.3 kg (female) | United Kingdom (England) |
CB179 | Pembroke Welsh Corgi | Smart and alert, affectionate but not pushy, bold but kindly. | 25.4-30.5 cm | up to 13.6 kg (male), up to 12.7 kg (female) | United Kingdom(Wales) |
CB206 | Russell Terrier | Alert, lively, inquisitive, and friendly | 25.4-30.5 cm | 4.1-6.8 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
CB210 | Samoyed | Gentle, adaptable, eager, friendly; conservative but never shy | 53.3-59.7 cm (male), 48.3-53.3 cm (female) | 20.4-29.5 kg (male), 15.9-22.7 kg (female) | Russia |
CB219 | Kochi Ken(Shikoku) | Cautious and brave with good judgment,loyal to its master. | Japan | ||
CB269 | Standard Poodle | Intelligent and quick-to-please | 56-66 cm | ||
CB270 | Toy Poodle | Intelligent, eager to please, quick to learn and an affectionate, loyal pet. | under 25 cm |
2015 |
Mizuno,T.: :
A brighter future for dogs with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. Vet J :, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26831165 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.11.018 . |
2015 |
Hamzianpour,N.,Chan,D.L.: :
Thromboelastographic assessment of the contribution of platelets and clotting proteases to the hypercoagulable state of dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 26:295-9, 2015. Pubmed reference: 25918856 . DOI: 10.1111/vec.12315 . |
2015 |
Threlfall,A.J.,Boag,A.M.,Soutter,F.,Glanemann,B.,Syme,H.M.,Catchpole,B.: :
Analysis of DLA-DQB1 and polymorphisms in CTLA4 in Cocker spaniels affected with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2:8, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26401336 . DOI: 10.1186/s40575-015-0020-y . |
2011 |
Piek,C.J.: :
Canine idiopathic immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia: a review with recommendations for future research. Vet Q 31:129-41, 2011. Pubmed reference: 22029883 . DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2011.604979 . |
2011 |
Piek,C.J.,Brinkhof,B.,Teske,E.,Rothuizen,J.,Dekker,A.,Penning,L.C.: :
High intravascular tissue factor expression in dogs with idiopathic immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. Vet Immunol Immunopathol :, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21899896 . DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.08.010 . |
2009 |
Al-Ghazlat,S.: :
Immunosuppressive therapy for canine immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Compend Contin Educ Vet 31:33-41, 44; quiz 44, 2009. Pubmed reference: 19241356 . |
2008 |
Piek,C.J.,Junius,G.,Dekker,A.,Schrauwen,E.,Slappendel,R.J.,Teske,E.: :
Idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia: treatment outcome and prognostic factors in 149 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 22:366-73, 2008. Pubmed reference: 18346140 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0060.x . |
2007 |
Balch,A.,Mackin,A.: :
Canine immune-mediated hemolytic anemia: pathophysiology, clinical signs, and diagnosis. Compend Contin Educ Vet 29:217-25, 2007. Pubmed reference: 17726851 . |
2007 |
Balch,A.,Mackin,A.: :
Canine immune-mediated hemolytic anemia: treatment and prognosis. Compend Contin Educ Vet 29:230-8; quiz 239, 2007. Pubmed reference: 17726852 . |
2006 |
Kennedy,LJ.,Barnes,A.,Ollier,WE.,Day,MJ.: :
Association of a common dog leucocyte antigen class II haplotype with canine primary immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. Tissue Antigens 68:502-8, 2006. Pubmed reference: 17176441 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00715.x . |
2005 |
Weinkle,TK.,Center,SA.,Randolph,JF.,Warner,KL.,Barr,SC.,Erb,HN.: :
Evaluation of prognostic factors, survival rates, and treatment protocols for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs: 151 cases (1993-2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:1869-80, 2005. Pubmed reference: 15934255 . |
2003 |
Mason,N.,Duval,D.,Shofer,FS.,Giger,U.: :
Cyclophosphamide exerts no beneficial effect over prednisone alone in the initial treatment of acute immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Vet Intern Med 17:206-12, 2003. Pubmed reference: 12683622 . |
2002 |
Gerber,B.,Steger,A.,Hassig,M.,Glaus,T.M.: :
Use of human intravenous immunoglobulin in dogs with primary immunmediated hemolytic anemia Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde 144:180-185, 2002. Pubmed reference: 12038216 . |
2000 |
Burgess,K.,Moore,A.,Rand,W.,Cotter,S.M.: :
Treatment of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs with cyclophosphamide Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 14:456-462, 2000. Pubmed reference: 10935898 . |
1999 |
Day,M.J.: :
Antigen specificity in canine autoimmune haemolytic anaemia Veterinary Immunology & Immunopathology 69:215-224, 1999. |
1999 |
Lifton,S.J.: :
Managing Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs Veterinary Medicine 94:532-+, 1999. |
1999 |
Reimer,M.E.,Troy,G.C.,Warnick,L.D.: :
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia: 70 cases (1988-1996) Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 35:384-391, 1999. Pubmed reference: 10493413 . |
1998 |
Mischke,R.: :
Haemostatic disorders as a complication of autoimmunohaemolytic anaemia in dogs [German] Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 105:13-16, 1998. Pubmed reference: 9499627 . |
1997 |
Corato,A.,Shen,C.R.,Mazza,G.,Barker,R.N.,Day,M.J.: :
Proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal dogs and dogs with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia to red blood cell antigens Veterinary Immunology & Immunopathology 59:191-204, 1997. |
1997 |
Kellerman,D.L.,Bruyette,D.S.: :
Intravenous human immunoglobulin for the treatment of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in 13 dogs Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 11:327-332, 1997. Pubmed reference: 9470156 . |
1997 |
Mills,J.N.: :
Compensated immune mediated haemolytic anaemia in a dog Australian Veterinary Journal 75:24-26, 1997. Pubmed reference: 9034492 . |
1997 |
Mills,J.N.: :
Compensated immune mediated haemolytic anaemia in a dog (vol 75, pg 24, 1997) Australian Veterinary Journal 75:177, 1997. |
1997 |
Scottmoncrieff,J.C.R.,Reagan,W.J.,Snyder,P.W.,Glickman,L.T.: :
Intravenous administration of human immune globulin in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 210:1623 ff., 1997. |
1996 |
Day,M.J.: :
Serial monitoring of clinical, haematological and immunological parameters in canine autoimmune haemolytic anaemia Journal of Small Animal Practice 37:523-534, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8934425 . |
1995 |
Barker,R.N.,Elson,C.J.: :
Red blood cell glycophorins as b and t-cell antigens in canine autoimmune haemolytic anaemia Veterinary Immunology & Immunopathology 47:225-238, 1995. |
1993 |
Klag,A.R.,Giger,U.,Shofer,F.S.: :
Idiopathic Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia in Dogs - 42 Cases (1986-1990) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 202:783-788, 1993. Pubmed reference: 8454517 . |
1993 |
Barker,R.N.,Elson,C.J.: :
Red Cell-Reactive Non-Specific Immunoglobulins and Autoantibodies in the Sera of Normal and Anaemic Dogs Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 39:339-354, 1993. Pubmed reference: 8116215 . |
1992 |
Klag,A.R.: :
Hemolytic Anemia in Dogs Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 14:1090, 1992. |
1992 |
Cotter,S.M.: :
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Dogs Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 14:53, 1992. |
1990 |
Barker,R.,Gruffydd-Jones,T.J.,Wotton,P.R.: :
Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia in Dogs Veterinary Record 126:318, 1990. |
1989 |
Carafoli,E.: :
The Activity of the Red Blood Cell Ca Pump Is Decreased in Hemolytic Anemia of the Beagle Dog - Commentary Blood Cells 15:421-423, 1989. |
1989 |
Hinds,T.R.,Hammond,W.P.,Maggioprice,L.,Dodson,R.A.,Vincenzi,F.F.: :
The Activity of the Red Blood Cell Ca Pump Is Decreased in Hemolytic Anemia of the Beagle Dog - Reply Blood Cells 15:424-426, 1989. Pubmed reference: 2527573 . |
1989 |
Bunch,S.E.,Metcalf,M.R.,Crane,S.W.,Cullen,J.M.: :
Idiopathic Pleural Effusion and Pulmonary Thromboembolism in a Dog with Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 195:1748-1753, 1989. Pubmed reference: 2599962 . |
1988 |
Maggio-Price,L.,Emerson,C.L.,Hinds,T.R.,Vincenzi,F.F.,Hammond,W.R.: :
Hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia in Beagles American Journal of Veterinary Research 49:1020-1025, 1988. Pubmed reference: 2458689 . |
1981 |
Bennett,D.: :
Primary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in the dog Veterinary Record 109:150-, 1981. Pubmed reference: 7324359 . |
1976 |
Weiden,P.L.,Storb,R.,Graham,T.C.,Schroeder,M.L.: :
Severe hereditary haemolytic anemia in dogs treated by marrow transplantation British Journal of Haematology 33:357-362, 1976. Pubmed reference: 776206 . |
1971 |
Bull,R.W.,Schirmer,R.,Bowdler,A.J.: :
Auto-immune hemolytic disease in the dog Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 159:880-884, 1971. Pubmed reference: 5315271 . |
1970 |
Tasker,J.B.: :
Canine research today Animal Cavalcade (Winter) :1,2,12,16,21, 1970. |
1969 |
Ewing,G.O.: :
Familial nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia of Basenji dogs Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 154:503-507, 1969. Pubmed reference: 5812889 . |