Disease Description: Condition where one testicle does not descend into the scrotal sac.
Inherit Mode: Although the condition is of course seen only in male dogs, both males and females can carry the gene for cryptorchidism. Heterozygous males and females, and homozygous females, will be physically normal, but can pass the gene on to their offspring. Homozygous males are cryptorchid. Thus cryptorchidism is thought to be a sex-limited autosomal recessive trait.
Disease Symptom: Dogs that are cryptorchid have a much increased risk of testicular cancer (approximately 10 times). Castration will of course eliminate this risk. Dogs with cryptorchidism can not be shown.
Disease Cause: -
Disease Diagnose: Your veterinarian will diagnose this condition when she examines your dog at the time of vaccination. Most affected dogs have 1 testicle that is not descended.
Treat Method: The only treatment for this condition is removal of both testicles (neutering or castration). Dogs with cryptorchidism should be castrated for 2 reasons: if the testicles are not removed, there is an increased risk of testicular cancer, and if your dog is bred, the trait will be passed on to future generations.
Breeder Advice: Affected dogs and their parents (who carry the gene) should be not be bred.
Disease Description Source: Link
Disease Name | Other Name | Mode of inheritance | Link ID | Possible OMIM ID | Gene |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cryptorchidism | - | Multifactorial | - |
iDog Breed Number | Breed Name | Personality | Height | Weight | Breed Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CB23 | Bavarian Mountain Scent Hound | Loyal, Versatile, Reserved with Strangers | 17-20.5 inches | 37-66 pound | |
CB45 | Borzoi(Russian wolfhound) | Loyal, affectionate, regally dignified; a charming but independent-minded canine nobleman | 71.1 cm & up (male), 66 cm & up (female) | 34-47.6 kg (male), 27.2-38.6 kg (female) | Russia |
CB48 | German Boxer | Fun-loving, bright, active and loyal | 58.4-63.5 cm (male), 54.6-59.7 cm (female) | 29.5-36.3 kg (male), females are about 6.8 kg less than male | Germany |
CB58 | English Bulldog | Calm, courageous, and friendly; dignified but amusing. | 35.6-38.1 cm | 22.7 kg (male), 18.1 kg (female) | United Kingdom (England) |
CB60 | Cairn Terrier | Cheerful, alert, busy and independent-minded | 25.4 cm (male), 24.1 cm (female) | 6.4 kg (male), 5.9 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
CB71 | Chihuahua | Graceful, charming, and sassy. | 15.2-22.9 cm | 1.4-2.7 kg | Mexico |
CB83 | Dachshund | Friendly, Curious, Spunky | 20.3-22.9 cm (standard), 12.7-15.2 cm (miniature) | 7.3-14.5 kg (standard), 5 kg & under (miniature) | Germany |
CB95 | English Foxhound | Affectionate, Gentle, Sociable | 61 cm | 27.2-34 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
CB129 | Icelandic Shepherd Dog | Confident, cheerful, sociable; the expression “man’s best friend” was coined for dogs like this | 45.7 cm (male), 41.9 cm (female) | 13.6 kg (male), 11.3 kg (female) | Iceland |
CB136 | German Jagdterrier | Courageous, Intelligent, Hardworking | 33-40cm | 7.7-9.9kg | Germany |
CB138 | Korean Jindo | oyalty and gentle nature | 48 to 53 cm(males), 45 to 50 cm(females) | South Korea | |
CB149 | Lakeland Terrier | Brave, bright, confident; affectionate with family, especially kids | 35.6-38.1 cm (male), slightly smaller (female) | 7.7 kg (male), slightly smaller (female) | United Kingdom (England) |
CB150 | Lancashire Heeler | Affectionate, Versatile, Intelligent | 25.4-35cm | 4-7.7kg | United Kingdom (England) |
CB155 | Maltese | Gentle, playful, affectionate; fearless in a charming toy-dog way. | 20.3-25.4 cm | 2.7-3.6 kg | Italy |
CB156 | Manchester Terrier | Spirited, bright, keenly observant; dead loyal, in an independent terrier way | 38.1-40.6 cm | 5.4-10 kg (standard) | United Kingdom (England) |
CB161 | Miniature Schnauzer | Friendly, smart, obedient | 30.5-35.6 cm | 5-9.1 kg | Germany |
CB162 | Mountain Cur | Intelligent, Strong-Willed | 41-66cm | 13.6-27.2kg | United States |
CB174 | Old English Shepherd Dog | Adaptable, smart, gentle; OES are famous for their sweet, agreeable nature | 55.9 cm & up (male), 53.3 cm & up (female) | 27.2-45.4 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
CB178 | Pekingese | Affectionate, loyal, regal in manner | 15.2-22.9 cm | up to 6.4 kg | China |
CB187 | Pomeranian | Inquisitive, Bold, Lively | 15.2-17.8 cm | 1.4-3.2 kg | Germany, Poland |
CB188 | Poodle | Proud, active and very smart | 25.4 cm & under (toy), 25.4-38.1 cm (miniature), over 38.1 cm (standard) | 1.8-2.7 kg (toy), 4.5-6.8 kg (miniature), 27.2-31.8 kg (male standard), 18.1-22.7 kg (female standard) | Germany, France |
CB216 | Shetland Shepherd Dog | Bright, playful, and energetic | 33-40.6 cm | 6.8-11.3 kg | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
CB221 | Silky Terrier | Friendly, vivacious, cheeky; in all ways a true terrier | 22.9-25.4 cm | around 4.5 kg | Australia |
CB222 | Skye Terrier | Plucky but dignified, calm but sometimes stubborn; famously loyal and devoted | 25.4 cm (male), 24.1 cm (female) | 15.9-20.4 kg (male), slightly lighter (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
CB257 | Wire-Haired Fox Terrier | Alert, quick of movement, keen of expression, on tiptoe of expectation at slightest provocation. Friendly, forthcoming and fearless. | 39 cm | 8.25 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
CB262 | Yorkshire Terrier | Sprightly, tomboyish, and affectionate | 17.8-20.3 cm | 3.2 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
CB268 | Miniature Poodle | Intelligent, Eager-to-please , Charming companion | 25-38 cm | 4.5-6.8kg | France&Germany |
CB270 | Toy Poodle | Intelligent, eager to please, quick to learn and an affectionate, loyal pet. | under 25 cm |
2020 |
Krzeminska,P.,Stachowiak,M.,Skrzypski,M.,Nowak,T.,Maslak,A.,Switonski,M.: :
Altered expression of CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 in undescended testes of dogs with unilateral cryptorchidism. Anim Genet :, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32657440 . DOI: 10.1111/age.12977 . |
2019 |
KrzemiĆska,P.,D'Anza,E.,Ciotola,F.,Paciello,O.,Restucci,B.,Peretti,V.,Albarella,S.,Switonski,M.: :
Polymorphisms of MAMLD1, SRD5A2, and AR Candidate Genes in Seven Dogs (78,XY; SRY-Positive) Affected by Hypospadias or Cryptorchidism. Sex Dev :, 2019. Pubmed reference: 31055572 . DOI: 10.1159/000500219 . |
2013 |
Zhao,X.,Onteru,S.,Saatchi,M.,Garrick,D.,Rothschild,M.: :
A genome-wide association study for canine cryptorchidism in Siberian Huskies. J Anim Breed Genet :, 2013. Pubmed reference: 24268032 . DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12064 . |
2012 |
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Gonadal and sex differentiation abnormalities of dogs and cats. Sex Dev 6:46-60, 2012. Pubmed reference: 22005097 . DOI: 10.1159/000332740 . |
2012 |
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Plasma insulin-like peptide 3 and testosterone concentrations in male dogs: changes with age and effects of cryptorchidism. Theriogenology 77:550-7, 2012. Pubmed reference: 22015156 . DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.08.030 . |
2012 |
Quartuccio,M.,Marino,G.,Garufi,G.,Cristarella,S.,Zanghì,A.: :
Sertoli cell tumors associated with feminizing syndrome and spermatic cord torsion in two cryptorchid dogs. J Vet Sci 13:207-9, 2012. Pubmed reference: 22705745 . |
2011 |
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Ambiguous genitalia in a fertile, unilaterally cryptorchid male miniature schnauzer dog. Vet Pathol 48:1038-40, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21248100 . DOI: 10.1177/0300985810396104 . |
2010 |
Arrighi,S.,Bosi,G.,Groppetti,D.,Aralla,M.,Cremonesi,F.: :
An insight into testis and gubernaculum dynamics of INSL3-RXFP2 signalling during testicular descent in the dog. Reprod Fertil Dev 22:751-60, 2010. Pubmed reference: 20450827 . DOI: 10.1071/RD09260 . |
2010 |
Pathirana,IN.,Tanaka,K.,Kawate,N.,Tsuji,M.,Kida,K.,Hatoya,S.,Inaba,T.,Tamada,H.: :
Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3' region of the estrogen receptor 1 gene in normal and cryptorchid Miniature Dachshunds and Chihuahuas. J Reprod Dev 56:405-10, 2010. Pubmed reference: 20453437 . |
2010 |
Zhao,X.,Du,ZQ.,Rothschild,MF.: :
An association study of 20 candidate genes with cryptorchidism in Siberian Husky dogs. J Anim Breed Genet 127:327-31, 2010. Pubmed reference: 20646120 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2010.00859.x . |
2008 |
Birchard,SJ.,Nappier,M.: :
Cryptorchidism. Compend Contin Educ Vet 30:325-36; quiz 336-7, 2008. Pubmed reference: 18690608 . |
2007 |
Wheeler R. :
Cryptorchidism. Côté E, ed. Clinical Veterinary Advisor Dogs and Cats. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier, 2007:261. |
2004 |
vanHagen,MA.,Janss,LL.,vandenBroek,J.,Knol,BW.: :
The use of a genetic-counselling program by Dutch breeders for four hereditary health problems in boxer dogs. Prev Vet Med 63:39-50, 2004. Pubmed reference: 15099715 . DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.01.007 . |
2003 |
Ferlin,A.,Simonato,M.,Bartoloni,L.,Rizzo,G.,Bettella,A.,Dottorini,T.,Dallapiccola,B.,Foresta,C.: :
The INSL3-LGR8/GREAT ligand-receptor pair in human cryptorchidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:4273-9, 2003. Pubmed reference: 12970298 . |
2003 |
Yates,D.,Hayes,G.,Heffernan,M.,Beynon,R.: :
Incidence of cryptorchidism in dogs and cats Veterinary Record 152:502-4, 2003. Pubmed reference: 12733559 . |
2001 |
Reif,U.,Walshaw,R.,Perry,R.: :
Urethradiverticulum, persistant urachusligament and torsion of a testis in a kryptorchid dog Kleintierpraxis 46:733-739, 2001. |
2000 |
Tomboc,M.,Lee,P.A.,Mitwally,M.F.,Schneck,F.X.,Bellinger,M.,Witchel,S.F.: :
Insulin-like 3/relaxin-like factor gene mutations are associated with cryptorchidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:4013-8, 2000. Pubmed reference: 11095425 . |
1996 |
Schulz,K.S.,Waldron,D.R.,Smith,M.M.,Henderson,R.A.,Howe,L.M.: :
Inadvertent prostatectomy as a complication of cryptorchidectomy in four dogs Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 32:211-214, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8731134 . |
1995 |
Kawakami,E.,Tsutsui,T.,Saito,S.,Kakimoto,T.,Ogasa,A.: :
Changes in peripheral plasma luteinizing hormone and testosterone concentrations and semen quality in normal and cryptorchid dogs during sexual maturation Laboratory Animal Science 45:258-263, 1995. Pubmed reference: 7650895 . |
1994 |
Ayyappan,S.,Jayaprakash,R.,Tank,P.H.,David,W.P.A.,Balasubramanian,N.N.: :
Bilateral Inguinal Cryptorchidism with Sertoli Cell Tumour in a Dog - A Case Report Indian Veterinary Journal 71:915-917, 1994. |
1993 |
Kawakami,E.,Hirayama,S.,Tsutsui,T.,Ogasa,A.: :
Pituitary Response of Cryptorchid Dogs to LH-RH-Analogue Before and After Sexual Maturation Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 55:147-148, 1993. Pubmed reference: 8096403 . |
1993 |
Metzger,F.L.,Hattel,A.L.,White,D.G.: :
Hematuria, Hyperestrogenemia, and Hyperprogesteronemia Due to a Sertoli-Cell Tumor in a Bilaterally Cryptorchid Dog Canine Practice 18:32-35, 1993. |
1993 |
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1991 |
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1989 |
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1985 |
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Canine cryptorchism and subsequent testicular neoplasia: case-control study with epidemiologic update. Teratology 32:51-6, 1985. Pubmed reference: 2863879 . DOI: 10.1002/tera.1420320108 . |
1981 |
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1970 |
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1969 |
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1969 |
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Bilateral sertoli cell tumor in a canine cryptorchid with accompanying pathological lesions Canadian Veterinary Journal 10:145-147, 1969. |
1969 |
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1960 |
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1955 |
Anon.: :
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1938 |
Hartl,J.: :
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