The detail information of Haemophilia B
OMIA Basic Information

Possible human homologues (MIM numbers):

Mendelian trait/disorder: yes

Mode of inheritance: X-linked recessive

Considered a defect: yes

Year key mutation first reported: 1989

Species-specific name: -

Species-specific symbol: -

More detail information can see in

Associated Breeds
There are associated breeds.
Associated Gene
Symbol Description Species Position Other Links
F9 coagulation factor IX Canis lupus familiaris ChrX : 111487863 - 111520319 Homologene, Ensembl, NCBI gene
References
Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.
2020 Switonski,M.: :
Impact of gene therapy for canine monogenic diseases on the progress of preclinical studies. J Appl Genet :, 2020.
Pubmed reference: 32189222 . DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00554-8 .
2019 Brenig,B.,Steingräber,L.,Shan,S.,Xu,F.,Hirschfeld,M.,Andag,R.,Spengeler,M.,Dietschi,E.,Mischke,R.,Leeb,T.: :
Christmas disease in a Hovawart family resembling human hemophilia B Leyden is caused by a single nucleotide deletion in a highly conserved transcription factor binding site of the F9 gene promoter. Haematologica 104:2307-2313, 2019.
Pubmed reference: 30846504 . DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.215426 .
2018 French,R.A.,Samelson-Jones,B.J.,Niemeyer,G.P.,Lothrop,C.D.,Merricks,E.P.,Nichols,T.C.,Arruda,V.R.: :
Complete correction of hemophilia B phenotype by FIX-Padua skeletal muscle gene therapy in an inhibitor-prone dog model. Blood Adv 2:505-508, 2018.
Pubmed reference: 29500218 . DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017015313 .
2018 Gao,J.,Bergmann,T.,Zhang,W.,Schiwon,M.,Ehrke-Schulz,E.,Ehrhardt,A.: :
Viral Vector-Based Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 and Donor DNA for Homology-Directed Repair in an In Vitro Model for Canine Hemophilia B. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 14:364-376, 2018.
Pubmed reference: 30690229 . DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.12.008 .
2016 Nichols,T.C.,Hough,C.,Agersø,H.,Ezban,M.,Lillicrap,D.: :
Canine models of inherited bleeding disorders in the development of coagulation assays, novel protein replacement and gene therapies. J Thromb Haemost 14:894-905, 2016.
Pubmed reference: 26924758 . DOI: 10.1111/jth.13301 .
2015 Cantore,A.,Ranzani,M.,Bartholomae,C.C.,Volpin,M.,Valle,P.D.,Sanvito,F.,Sergi,L.S.,Gallina,P.,Benedicenti,F.,Bellinger,D.,Raymer,R.,Merricks,E.,Bellintani,F.,Martin,S.,Doglioni,C.,D'Angelo,A.,VandenDriessche,T.,Chuah,M.K.,Schmidt,M.,Nichols,T.,Montini,E.,Naldini,L.: :
Liver-directed lentiviral gene therapy in a dog model of hemophilia B. Sci Transl Med 7:277ra28, 2015.
Pubmed reference: 25739762 . DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa1405 .
2015 Crudele,J.M.,Finn,J.D.,Siner,J.I.,Martin,N.B.,Niemeyer,G.P.,Zhou,S.,Mingozzi,F.,Lothrop,C.D.,Arruda,V.R.: :
AAV liver expression of FIX-Padua prevents and eradicates FIX inhibitor without increasing thrombogenicity in hemophilia B dogs and mice. Blood 125:1553-61, 2015.
Pubmed reference: 25568350 . DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-07-588194 .
2015 Dolgin,E.: :
Oral solutions. Sci Am 312:S12-3, 2015.
Pubmed reference: 25597119 .
2015 Koeberl,D.D.: :
A natural choice for hemophilia B. Blood 125:1509-10, 2015.
Pubmed reference: 25745178 . DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-01-622506 .
2015 Nichols,T.C.,Whitford,M.H.,Arruda,V.R.,Stedman,H.H.,Kay,M.A.,High,K.A.: :
Translational data from adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy of hemophilia B in dogs. Hum Gene Ther Clin Dev 26:5-14, 2015.
Pubmed reference: 25675273 . DOI: 10.1089/humc.2014.153 .
2015 Sohn,E.: :
Dogged pursuit. Sci Am 312:S18-9, 2015.
Pubmed reference: 25597122 .
2014 Nichols,T.,Whitford,M.H.,Arruda,V.R.,Stedman,H.H.,Kay,M.A.,High,K.A.: :
Translational Data from AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy of Hemophilia B in Dogs. Hum Gene Ther Clin Dev :, 2014.
Pubmed reference: 25548971 . DOI: 10.1089/hum.2014.153 .
2014 Sherman,A.,Schlachterman,A.,Cooper,M.,Merricks,E.P.,Raymer,R.A.,Bellinger,D.A.,Herzog,R.W.,Nichols,T.C.: :
Portal vein delivery of viral vectors for gene therapy for hemophilia. Methods Mol Biol 1114:413-26, 2014.
Pubmed reference: 24557919 . DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-761-7_27 .
2012 Finn,J.D.,Nichols,T.C.,Svoronos,N.,Merricks,E.P.,Bellenger,D.A.,Zhou,S.,Simioni,P.,High,K.A.,Arruda,V.R.: :
The efficacy and the risk of immunogenicity of FIX Padua (R338L) in hemophilia B dogs treated by AAV muscle gene therapy. Blood 120:4521-3, 2012.
Pubmed reference: 22919027 . DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-440123 .
2012 Mischke,R.: :
[Haemophilia A and B in dogs]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 40:44-53; quiz 54, 2012.
Pubmed reference: 22331328 .
2012 Nichols,T.C.,Franck,H.W.,Franck,C.T.,DeFriess,N.,Raymer,R.A.,Merricks,E.P.: :
Sensitivity of whole blood clotting time and activated partial thromboplastin time for factor IX: relevance to gene therapy and determination of post-transfusion elimination time of canine factor IX in hemophilia B dogs. J Thromb Haemost 10:474-6, 2012.
Pubmed reference: 22482117 .
2012 Nolte,M.W.,Nichols,T.C.,Mueller-Cohrs,J.,Merricks,E.P.,Pragst,I.,Zollner,S.,Dickneite,G.: :
Improved kinetics of rIX-FP, a recombinant fusion protein linking factor IX with albumin, in cynomolgus monkeys and hemophilia B dogs. J Thromb Haemost 10:1591-9, 2012.
Pubmed reference: 22726310 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04826.x .
2012 Sabatino,D.E.,Nichols,T.C.,Merricks,E.,Bellinger,D.A.,Herzog,R.W.,Monahan,P.E.: :
Animal models of hemophilia. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 105:151-209, 2012.
Pubmed reference: 22137432 . DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394596-9.00006-8 .
2011 Fischer,T.H.,Nichols,T.C.,Scull,C.M.,Smith,C.J.,Demcheva,M.: :
Poly-N-acetylglucosamine fibers amplify the effectiveness of recombinant factor VIIA on clot formation in hemophilia B canine blood. J Trauma 71:S171-5, 2011.
Pubmed reference: 21814114 . DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31822556f4 .
2011 Mischke,R.,Kühnlein,P.,Kehl,A.,Langbein-Detsch,I.,Steudle,F.,Schmid,A.,Dandekar,T.,Czwalinna,A.,Müller,E.: :
G244E in the canine factor IX gene leads to severe haemophilia B in Rhodesian Ridgebacks. Vet J 187:113-8, 2011.
Pubmed reference: 20303304 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.01.017 .
2010 Nichols,T.C.,Raymer,R.A.,Franck,H.W.,Merricks,E.P.,Bellinger,D.A.,DeFriess,N.,Margaritis,P.,Arruda,V.R.,Kay,M.A.,High,K.A.: :
Prevention of spontaneous bleeding in dogs with haemophilia A and haemophilia B. Haemophilia :19-23, 2010.
Pubmed reference: 20586797 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02255.x .
2009 Nichols,TC.,Dillow,AM.,Franck,HW.,Merricks,EP.,Raymer,RA.,Bellinger,DA.,Arruda,VR.,High,KA.: :
Protein replacement therapy and gene transfer in canine models of hemophilia A, hemophilia B, von willebrand disease, and factor VII deficiency. ILAR J 50:144-67, 2009.
Pubmed reference: 19293459 .
2005 Wang,L.,Calcedo,R.,Nichols,TC.,Bellinger,DA.,Dillow,A.,Verma,IM.,Wilson,JM.: :
Sustained correction of disease in naive and AAV2-pretreated hemophilia B dogs: AAV2/8-mediated, liver-directed gene therapy. Blood 105:3079-86, 2005.
Pubmed reference: 15637142 . DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-10-3867 .
2003 Brooks,MB.,Gu,W.,Barnas,JL.,Ray,J.,Ray,K.: :
A Line 1 insertion in the Factor IX gene segregates with mild hemophilia B in dogs. Mamm Genome 14:788-95, 2003.
Pubmed reference: 14722728 . DOI: 10.1007/s00335-003-2290-z .
2003 Ehrhardt,A.,Xu,H.,Dillow,A.M.,Bellinger,D.A.,Nichols,T.C.,Kay,M.A.: :
A gene-deleted adenoviral vector results in phenotypic correction of canine hemophilia B without liver toxicity or thrombocytopenia Blood 102:2403-11, 2003.
Pubmed reference: 12805062 . DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-01-0314 .
2002 Mount,J.D.,Herzog,R.W.,Tillson,D.M.,Goodman,S.A.,Robinson,N.,McCleland,M.L.,Bellinger,D.,Nichols,T.C.,Arruda,V.R.,Lothrop,C.D.,High,K.A.: :
Sustained phenotypic correction of hemophilia B dogs with a factor IX null mutation by liver-directed gene therapy Blood 99:2670-2676, 2002.
Pubmed reference: 11929752 .
2001 Herzog,R.W.,Mount,J.D.,Arruda,V.R.,High,K.A.,Lothrop,C.D.: :
Muscle-directed gene transfer and transient immune suppression result in sustained partial correction of canine hemophilia B caused by a null mutation Molecular Therapy: the Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 4:192-200, 2001.
Pubmed reference: 11545609 . DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2001.0442 .
2000 Herzog,R.W.,Arruda,V.R.,Fisher,T.H.,Read,M.S.,Nichols,T.C.,High,K.A.: :
Absence of circulating factor IX antigen in hemophilia B dogs of the UNC-Chapel Hill colony. Thromb Haemost 84:352-4, 2000.
Pubmed reference: 10959714 .
2000 Mischke,R.: :
Sensitivity of the reaction time of the resonance thrombogram for factor VIII : C and factor IX deficiencies in the blood of dogs with haemophilia A or B Haemophilia 6:575-580, 2000.
Pubmed reference: 11012705 .
2000 Mischke,R.: :
Influence of factor VIII : C and factor IX activity in plasmas of haemophilic dogs on the activated partial thromboplastin time measured with two commercial reagents Haemophilia 6:135-139, 2000.
Pubmed reference: 10792470 .
2000 Wang,L.L.,Nichols,T.C.,Read,M.S.,Bellinger,D.A.,Verma,I.M.: :
Sustained expression of therapeutic level of factor IX in hemophilia B dogs by AAV-mediated gene therapy in liver Molecular Therapy: the Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 1:154-158, 2000.
Pubmed reference: 10933925 . DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2000.0031 .
1999 Chao,H.,Samulski,R.J.,Bellinger,D.A.,Monahan,P.E.,Nichols,T.C.,Walsh,C.E.: :
Persistent expression of canine factor IX in hemophilia B canines Gene Therapy 6:1695-1704, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 10516718 . DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301024 .
1999 Chao,H.,Walsh,C.E.: :
Endogenous canine FIX antigen exists in Chapel Hill strain hemophilia B canine. Thromb Haemost 82:1378, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 10544943 .
1999 Gu,W.,Brooks,M.,Catalfamo,J.,Ray,J.,Ray,K.: :
Two distinct mutations cause severe hemophilia B in two unrelated canine pedigrees. Thromb Haemost 82:1270-5, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 10544912 .
1999 Herzog,R.W.,Yang,E.Y.,Couto,L.B.,Hagstrom,J.N.,Elwell,D.,Fields,P.A.,Burton,M.,Bellinger,D.A.,Read,M.S.,Brinkhous,K.M.,Podsakoff,G.M.,Nichols,T.C.,Kurtzman,G.J.,High,K.A.: :
Long-term correction of canine hemophilia B by gene transfer of blood coagulation factor IX mediated by adeno-associated viral vector Nature Medicine 5:56-63, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 9883840 . DOI: 10.1038/4743 .
1999 Snyder,R.O.,Miao,C.,Meuse,L.,Tubb,J.,Donahue,B.A.,Lin,H.F.,Stafford,D.W.,Patel,S.,Thompson,A.R.,Nichols,T.,Read,M.S.,Bellinger,D.A.,Brinkhous,K.M.,Kay,M.A.: :
Correction of hemophilia B in canine and murine models using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors Nature Medicine 5:64-70, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 9883841 . DOI: 10.1038/4751 .
1998 Monahan,P.E.,Samulski,R.J.,Tazelaar,J.,Xiao,X.,Nichols,T.C.,Bellinger,D.A.,Read,M.S.,Walsh,C.E.: :
Direct intramuscular injection with recombinant aav vectors results in sustained expression in a dog model of hemophilia Gene Therapy 5:40-49, 1998.
Pubmed reference: 9536263 . DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3300548 .
1997 Brooks,M.B.,Gu,W.,Ray,K.: :
Complete deletion of factor IX gene and inhibition of factor IX activity in a labrador retriever with hemophilia B. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:1418-21, 1997.
Pubmed reference: 9394892 .
1997 Chang,J.Y.,Monroe,D.M.,Stafford,D.W.,Brinkhous,K.M.,Roberts,H.R.: :
Replacing the first epidermal growth factor-like domain of factor ix with that of factor vii enhances activity in vitro and in canine hemophilia b Journal of Clinical Investigation 100:886-892, 1997.
Pubmed reference: 9259588 . DOI: 10.1172/JCI119604 .
1997 Gu,W.K.,Ray,K.: :
A polymorphic (TTTA), tandem repeat in an intron of the canine factor IX gene Animal Genetics 28:370, 1997.
Pubmed reference: 9363602 .
1997 Liles,D.,Landen,C.N.,Monroe,D.M.,Lindley,C.M.,Read,M.S.,Roberts,H.R.,Brinkhous,K.M.: :
Extravascular administration of factor ix - potential for replacement therapy of canine and human hemophilia b Thrombosis & Haemostasis 77:944-948, 1997.
1996 Brinkhous,K.M.,Sigman,J.L.,Read,M.S.,Stewart,P.F.,Mccarthy,K.P.,Timony,G.A.,Leppanen,S.D.,Rup,B.J.,Keith,J.C.,Garzone,P.D.,Schaub,R.G.: :
Recombinant human factor IX - replacement therapy, prophylaxis, and pharmacokinetics in canine hemophilia B Blood 88:2603-2610, 1996.
Pubmed reference: 8839853 .
1996 Fang,B.,Wang,H.,Gordon,G.,Bellinger,D.A.,Read,M.S.,Brinkhous,K.M.,Woo,S.L.C.,Eisensmith,R.C.: :
Lack of persistence of E1(-) recombinant adenoviral vectors containing a temperature-sensitive E2A mutation in immunocompetent mice and hemophilia B dogs Gene Therapy 3:217-222, 1996.
Pubmed reference: 8646552 .
1996 Kruth,S.: :
Canine models for gene therapy Transfusion Science 17:71-77, 1996.
1996 Mauser,A.E.,Whitlark,J.,Whitney,K.M.,Lothrop,C.D.: :
A deletion mutation causes hemophilia B in Lhasa Apso dogs Blood 88:3451-3455, 1996.
Pubmed reference: 8896410 .
1996 Mischke,R.,Hanies,R.,Deniz,A.,Hart,S.: :
Haemophilia B in a male mongrel dog - therapy of a haemorrhagic crisis with fresh frozen plasma [German] Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 103:3-6, 1996.
Pubmed reference: 8647012 .
1996 Sugahara,Y.,Catalfamo,J.,Brooks,M.,Hitomi,E.,Bajaj,S.P.,Kurachi,K.: :
Isolation and characterization of canine factor IX Thrombosis & Haemostasis 75:450-455, 1996.
1995 Feldman,D.G.,Brooks,M.B.,Dodds,W.J.: :
Hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency) in a family of German Shepherd Dogs Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 206:1901-1905, 1995.
Pubmed reference: 7790304 .
1994 Kay,M.A.,Landen,C.N.,Rothenberg,S.R.,Taylor,L.A.,Leland,F.,Wiehle,S.,Fang,B.L.,Bellinger,D.,Finegold,M.,Thompson,A.R.,Read,M.,Brinkhous,K.M.,Woo,S.L.C.: :
In Vivo Hepatic Gene Therapy - Complete Albeit Transient Correction of Factor IX Deficiency in Hemophilia B Dogs Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91:2353-2357, 1994.
Pubmed reference: 8134398 .
1994 Lozier,J.N.,Thompson,A.R.,Hu,P.C.,Read,M.,Brinkhous,K.M.,High,K.A.,Curiel,D.T.: :
Efficient Transfection of Primary Cells in a Canine Hemophilia-B Model Using Adenovirus Polylysine DNA Complexes Human Gene Therapy 5:313-322, 1994.
Pubmed reference: 8018746 . DOI: 10.1089/hum.1994.5.3-313 .
1993 Brooks,M.,Catalfamo,J.: :
Buccal Mucosa Bleeding Time Is Prolonged in Canine Models of Primary Hemostatic Disorders Thrombosis and Haemostasis 70:777-780, 1993.
Pubmed reference: 8128434 .
1993 Kay,M.A.,Rothenberg,S.,Landen,C.N.,Bellinger,D.A.,Leland,F.,Toman,C.,Finegold,M.,Thompson,A.R.,Read,M.S.,Brinkhous,K.M.,Woo,S.L.C.: :
In Vivo Gene Therapy of Hemophilia-B - Sustained Partial Correction in Factor-IX-Deficient Dogs Science 262:117-119, 1993.
Pubmed reference: 8211118 .
1993 Marx,J.: :
A first step toward gene therapy for hemophilia B? Science 262:29-30, 1993.
Pubmed reference: 8211125 . DOI: 10.1126/science.8211125 .
1991 Kooistra,H.S.,Slappendel,R.J.: :
A Young Male Mongrel with Haemophilia-B (Christmas Disease) Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde 116:281-285, 1991.
Pubmed reference: 2028457 .
1990 Axelrod,J.H.,Read,M.S.,Brinkhous,K.M.,Verma,I.M.: :
Phenotypic Correction of Factor-IX Deficiency in Skin Fibroblasts of Hemophilic Dogs Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87:5173-5177, 1990.
Pubmed reference: 2367529 .
1989 Brinkhous,K.M.,Hedner,U.,Garris,J.B.,Diness,V.,Read,M.S.: :
Effect of recombinant factor VIIa on the hemostatic defect in dogs with hemophilia A, hemophilia B, and von Willebrand disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86:1382-6, 1989.
Pubmed reference: 2784006 .
1989 Evans,J.P.,Brinkhous,K.M.,Brayer,G.D.,Reisner,H.M.,High,K.A.: :
Canine Hemophilia-B Resulting from a Point Mutation with Unusual Consequences Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86:10095-10099, 1989.
Pubmed reference: 2481310 .
1988 Fogh,J.M.,Fogh,I.T.: :
Inherited coagulation disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 18:231-43, 1988.
Pubmed reference: 3282382 .
1986 Littlewood,J.D.,Matić,S.E.,Smith,N.: :
Factor IX deficiency (haemophilia B, Christmas disease) in a crossbred dog. Vet Rec 118:400-1, 1986.
Pubmed reference: 3716095 .
1984 Fogh,J.M.,Nygaard,L.,Andresen,E.,Nilsson,I.M.: :
Hemophilia in dogs, with special reference to hemophilia A among German shepherd dogs in Denmark. I: Pathophysiology, laboratory tests and genetics. Nord Vet Med 36:235-40, 1984.
Pubmed reference: 6436787 .
1984 Verlander,J.W.,Gorman,N.T.,Dodds,W.J.: :
Factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B) in a litter of Labrador retrievers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 185:83-4, 1984.
Pubmed reference: 6746380 .
1983 Campbell,K.L.,Greene,C.E.,Dodds,W.J.: :
Factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B) in a Scottish terrier. J Am Vet Med Assoc 182:170-1, 1983.
Pubmed reference: 6826437 .
1980 Sherding,R.G.,DiBartola,S.P.: :
Hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency) in an Old English Sheepdog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 176:141-2, 1980.
Pubmed reference: 7353989 .
1980 Spurling,N.W.: :
Hereditary disorders of haemostasis in dogs: a critical review of the literature Veterinary Bulletin 50:151-173, 1980.
1979 Peterson,M.E.,Dodds,W.J.: :
Factor IX deficiency in an Alaskan Malamute. J Am Vet Med Assoc 174:1326-7, 1979.
Pubmed reference: 511734 .
1978 Goldsmith,J.C.,Chung,K.S.,Roberts,H.R.: :
A simple assay for human factor IX: use of canine hemophilia B plasma as substrate. Thromb Res 12:497-502, 1978.
Pubmed reference: 653637 .
1975 Slappendel,R.J.: :
Hemophilia A and hemophilia B in a family of French bulldogs Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 100:1075-1088, 1975.
Pubmed reference: 1209580 .
1974 Dodds,W.J.: :
Hereditary and acquired hemorrhagic disorders in animals. Prog Hemost Thromb 2:215-47, 1974.
Pubmed reference: 4604529 .
1974 Webster,W.P.,Mandel,S.R.,Reddick,R.L.,Wagner,J.L.,Penick,G.D.: :
Orthotopic liver transplantation in canine hemophilia B. Am J Physiol 226:496-500, 1974.
Pubmed reference: 4593805 .
1973 Brinkhous,K.M.,Davis,P.D.,Graham,J.B.,Dodds,W.J.: :
Expression and linkage of genes for X-linked hemophilias A and B in the dog. Blood 41:577-85, 1973.
Pubmed reference: 4688873 .
1968 Davis,P.D.: :
Canine double heterozygotes for hemophilia A and B. Federation Proceedings 27:627, 1968.
1964 Parks,B.J.,Brinkhous,K.M.,Harris,P.F.,Penick,G.D.: :
Laboratory detection of female carriers of canine hemophilia. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 12:368-76, 1964.
Pubmed reference: 14254695 .
1962 Mustard,J.F.,Basser,W.,Hedgardt,G.,Secord,D.,Rowsell,H.C.,Downie,H.G.: :
A comparison of the effect of serum and plasma transfusions on the clotting defect in canine haemophilia B British Journal of Haematology 8:36-42, 1962.
Pubmed reference: 14477606 .
1960 Mustard,J.F.,Rowsell,H.C.,Robinson,G.A.,Hoeksema,T.D.,Downie,H.G.: :
Canine hemophilia B (Christmas disease) British Journal of Haematology 6:259-266, 1960.
Pubmed reference: 13727144 .
1960 Rowsell,H.C.,Downie,H.G.,Mustard,J.F.,Leeson,J.E.,Archibald,J.A.: :
A disorder resembling hemophilia B (Christmas disease) in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 137:247-50, 1960.
Pubmed reference: 14439728 .