Basic information
Locus name	AT5G03730
Alias	CTR1
Organism	Arabidopsis thaliana
Taxonomic identifier	[NCBI]
Function category	Hormone response pathway:ET
Effect for Senescence	promote
Gene Description	Homologous to the RAF family of serine/threonine protein kinases. Negative regulator in the ethylene signal transduction pathway. Interacts with the putative ethylene receptors ETR1 and ERS. Constitutively expressed.
Evidence	Genetic evidence:Mutant [Ref 1]
References	1: Kieber JJ, Rothenberg M, Roman G, Feldmann KA, Ecker JR CTR1, a negative regulator of the ethylene response pathway in Arabidopsis, encodes a member of the raf family of protein kinases. Cell 1993 Feb 12;72(3):427-41
Gene Ontology	biological process protein phosphorylation molecular function protein kinase activity
Sequence	AT5G03730.1 | Genomic | mRNA | CDS | Protein AT5G03730.2 | Genomic | mRNA | CDS | Protein
Mutant information
Mutant name	ctr1-1
Mutant/Transgenic	mutant
Ecotype	Col-0
Mutagenesis type	EMS
Ortholog Group
Ortholog Groups: OG5_149590	Accession Taxon NP_194179 Arabidopsis thaliana NP_195993 ( AT5G03730 ) Arabidopsis thaliana NP_850760 Arabidopsis thaliana NP_001047004 Oryza sativa Japonica Group NP_001053834 Oryza sativa Japonica Group NP_001063956 Oryza sativa Japonica Group gw1.462.15.1 Physcomitrella patens subsp. patens 29092.m000453 Ricinus communis 29428.m000323 Ricinus communis 29908.m006279 Ricinus communis
Cross Link
Database Entry ID E-value Start End InterPro ID Description PANTHER PTHR23257 3.8E-197 1 820 No hit NA Pfam PF14381 2.4E-72 206 413 IPR026840 Armadillo repeat-containing protein 3 and Serine/threonine-protein kinase CTR1 SUPERFAMILY SSF56112 1.2E-82 541 805 IPR011009 Protein kinase-like domain Pfam PF07714 3.0E-72 551 804 IPR001245 Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase catalytic domain ProSiteProfiles PS50011 46.1 551 809 IPR000719 Protein kinase, catalytic domain SMART SM00220 1.1E-67 551 809 IPR002290 Serine/threonine- / dual specificity protein kinase, catalytic domain ProSitePatterns PS00107 NA 557 578 IPR017441 Protein kinase, ATP binding site PRINTS PR00109 2.0E-12 625 638 IPR001245 Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase catalytic domain PRINTS PR00109 2.0E-12 666 684 IPR001245 Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase catalytic domain ProSitePatterns PS00108 NA 672 684 IPR008271 Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site PRINTS PR00109 2.0E-12 713 723 IPR001245 Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase catalytic domain PRINTS PR00109 2.0E-12 732 754 IPR001245 Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase catalytic domain PRINTS PR00109 2.0E-12 776 798 IPR001245 Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase catalytic domain
Mutant Image
Loss-of-Function CTR1 Leads to Early Senescence Previous studies suggested that ctr1 mutant has a wild-type timing of senescence under standard growth conditions. In fact, just based on the observation of the whole plants, it is difficult to found the difference between the ctrl mutant and wild type Col-0 (Figure 1A). However, when all the rosette leaves were detached and arranged according to their ages, it is easy to find that most of ctrl leaves died (leaf1-13). By contrast, only five leaves of 40-d-old Col-0 (Leaf 1-5), including cotyledon leaves, died and one leaf became yellowing (Leaf 6) (Figure 1B). Interestingly, many rosette-like leaves, which masked our observation, were found in the stem of ctrl plants (Figure 1 C and 1D). Furthermore, ctr1 mutant leaves showed significant chlorosis when excised and placed in the dark in air for several days, to a level approaching that observed in wild type leaves placed in ethylene. Since chlorosis is a yellowing of leaf tissue due to a lack of chlorophyll, we conclude that loss of function of the CTR1 genes promotes senescence process upon darkness treatment. Together, these results demonstrated that loss of function of CTR1, as a negative regulator of ethylene signaling pathway, leads to early senescence.More interestingly, ctr1 mutants showed much lower numbers of yellow leaves upon treatment with ethylene, compared with the wild type Col-0 plants. Since negative feedback loop existed in the ethylene signaling pathway, losses of function of CTR1 maybe activate negative regulators that lead to insensitive to exogenous ethylene, which maybe one of the reasons why constitutively activating the ethylene signaling pathway in ctr1 inhibited the onset of leaf senescence.
Subcellular Localization
Localization	nucleus
Evidence	SUBAcon
Pubmed ID	23180787