The detail information of Intervertebral disc disease
Basic Information

Disease Description: A disease where the discs between the vetebra are abnormal and prone to rupture and misplacement.

Inherit Mode: Unknown.

Disease Symptom: The clinical signs vary, depending on whether there is type I or II IVDD, where in the spine the herniation occurs, and the extent of the protrusion of disk material into the spinal canal. Signs with type I generally develop more quickly (over hours or even minutes) and are more severe. Depending on the location and extent of the pressure on the spinal cord, there may be pain in the neck region, lack of pain sensation in the limbs, and weakness or paralysis in any or all limbs. This is a very serious disease, which may result in permanent hindlimb paralysis and incontinence if left untreated. While confinement may help initially in some cases, surgery is often required to relieve pressure on the spinal cord. The outcome will depend on a number of factors (including the severity of clinical signs, whether pain perception is still present, and length of time between the onset of clinical signs and surgery, to name a few). While surgery may restore the animal to normal function, it is not always successful. With type II IVDD, clinical signs usually develop slowly over months. Again there may be pain, and weakness or paralysis in any or all limbs.

Disease Cause: -

Disease Diagnose: Your veterinarian will strongly suspect spinal cord compression due to intervertebral disk disease if your chondrodystrophoid-breed dog presents with neck or back pain, +/- hindlimb weakness or paralysis. Your dog may also become incontinent. Your veterinarian will examine your dog, and perform a neurologic exam to test your dog’s reflexes and the function of nerves. The absence or in some cases, heightening, of reflexes will help to determine where the pressure on the spinal cord is occurring. Plain x-rays of the vertebral column are taken of suspect areas, to locate abnormalities of the vertebrae or mineralization of the intervertebral discs. A specialized radiographic technique calledmyelographyis necessary to pinpoint the areas of spinal cord compression, if surgical repair is being considered. In order to do a myelogram, your dog is anesthetized, dye is injected into the spinal canal, and x-rays are taken which will show the exact location(s) of spinal cord compression. A spinal tap, also performed under general anesthesia, is done to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid and rule out other causes of your dog's spinal cord disease. Your veterinarian may refer you to a veterinary referral centre for these specialized radiographic techniques, and for possible surgery.

Treat Method: Treatment depends on several factors, including the extent and duration of clinical signs, and the findings on neurologic and radiographic examination.Surgery is the only way to remove disc material which is compressing the spinal cord, but surgery is not necessarily the first treatment of choice. Medical treatment may be successful when there is only mild to moderate pain, and no weakness or paralysis. Medical, or conservative, treatment consists of anti-inflammatory medication in combination with strict cage rest (your dog will be confined to a cage, and let out only to urinate and defecate while on a leash). If your dog's condition worsens, or there is no sign of improvement within a week or so, surgical treatment should be considered. Surgery will be recommended, and will be necessary, if your dog shows more severe neurologic signs, or if your dog has repeated episodes of pain and muscle weakness. Where there is paralysis and loss of deep pain sensation, surgery to remove the pressure on the spinal cord should be performed within 24 hours, or there is likely to be permanent nerve damage. The prognosis (prospect for recovery) after surgery ranges from fair to good, depending on factors such as the severity of clinical signs before surgery, the rapidity with which the signs developed, and the length of the interval between the onset of problems and surgery. Where there has been paralysis and loss of deep pain perception for more than 24 hours, surgery is not likely to result in improvement. Once your veterinarian has examined your dog, s/he will discuss treatment options with you. If surgery appears to be the best option, she will likely discuss with you referral to an appropriate surgical facility, because of the specialized radiographic and surgical techniques required. With either surgical or medical treatment, intensive nursing care will be required.

Breeder Advice: It is difficult to make breeding recommendations because, although the condition is common in some breeds, a mode of inheritance has not been determined. It is best to avoid breeding affected animals, and to carefully scrutinize their close relatives before including them in a breeding programme.

Disease Description Source: Link

Associated Diseases
Disease Name Other Name Mode of inheritance Link ID Possible OMIM ID Gene
Intervertebral disc disease, type I Intervertebral disc disease Autosomal Dominant - FGF4 retrogene in CFA12
Associated Breeds
iDog Breed Number Breed Name Personality Height Weight Breed Source
CB22 Basset Hound Patient and low-key; a bit stubborn but always charming up to 38.1 cm 18.1-29.5 kg France
CB24 English Beagle Merry, friendly, and curious 33 cm & under 33-38.1 cm under 9.1 kg (5.9 inches & under), 9.1-13.6 kg (5.9-6.8 inches) United Kingdom (England)
CB25 Bearded Collie Bouncy, charismatic, friendly; smart, but also stubborn and independent 53.3-55.9 cm (male), 50.8-53.3 cm (female) 20.4-24.9 kg United Kingdom (Scotland)
CB63 Cardigan Welsh Corgi Loyal, affectionate, and smart; even-tempered, never shy 26.7-31.8 cm 13.6-17.2 kg (male), 11.3-15.4 kg (female) Wales
CB64 Carolina Dog Loyal, Independent, Reserved with Strangers 17.75-19.5 inches 30-55 pounds United States
CB78 Cocker Spaniel Happy, smart, gentle 36.8-39.4 cm (male), 34.3-36.8 cm (female) 11.3-13.6 kg (male), 9.1-11.3 kg (female)
CB83 Dachshund Friendly, Curious, Spunky 20.3-22.9 cm (standard), 12.7-15.2 cm (miniature) 7.3-14.5 kg (standard), 5 kg & under (miniature) Germany
CB85 Dandie Dinmont Terrier Independent, proud, smart; affectionate at home, bold and tenacious in the field 20.3-27.9 cm 8.2-10.9 kg United Kingdom (Scotland)
CB86 Danish-Swedish Farmdog Energetic, Trainable, Attentive 34-37cm (male), 32-35 cm (female) 6.8-9 kg Denmark, Sweden
CB88 Doberman Pinscher Alert, fearless, loyal, and highly trainable 66-71.1 cm (male), 61-66 cm (female) 34-45.4 kg (male), 27.2-40.8 kg (female) Germany
CB89 Dogo Argentino Loyal, trustworthy,courageous 61-68.6 cm (male), 59.7-66 cm (female) 36.3-45.4 kg Argentina
CB98 English Toy Spaniel Affectionate, Alert, Merry 22.9-25.4 cm 3.6-6.4 kg England
CB106 French Bulldog Playful, smart, adaptable, and completely irresistible 27.9-33 cm under 12.7 kg United Kingdom (England), France
CB153 Lhasa Apso(Long-Haired Lhasa Dog) Smart, confident, complex; a family comedian, but regally aloof with strangers 25.4-27.9 cm (male), slightly smaller (female) 5.4-8.2 kg Tibet
CB178 Pekingese Affectionate, loyal, regal in manner 15.2-22.9 cm up to 6.4 kg China
CB179 Pembroke Welsh Corgi Smart and alert, affectionate but not pushy, bold but kindly. 25.4-30.5 cm up to 13.6 kg (male), up to 12.7 kg (female) United Kingdom(Wales)
CB187 Pomeranian Inquisitive, Bold, Lively 15.2-17.8 cm 1.4-3.2 kg Germany, Poland
CB197 Hungarian Puli Loyal, smart, home-loving; strong-willed but trainable 43.2 cm (male), 40.6 cm (female) 11.3-15.9 kg Hungary
CB218 Shih Tzu(Chrysanthemum Dog) Outgoing, affectionate, playful and charming 20.3-27.9 cm 4.1-7.3 kg China
CB268 Miniature Poodle Intelligent, Eager-to-please , Charming companion 25-38 cm 4.5-6.8kg France&Germany
CB270 Toy Poodle Intelligent, eager to please, quick to learn and an affectionate, loyal pet. under 25 cm
References
1996 Stigen O, Christensen K. :
Calcification of intervertebral discs in the dachshund: an estimation of heritability ACTA Veterinaria Scandinavica 34(3): 357-361
1995 LeCouteur RA, Child G. :
Diseases of the spinal cord WB Saunders Co., Toronto. EJ Ettinger and EC Feldman (eds) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, p. 629-696
1995 Bennett D, May C. :
Joint diseases of dogs and cats WB Saunders Co., Toronto. EJ Ettinger and EC Feldman (eds) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, p. 2032-2077