Disease Description: An abnormal excretion of a substance (cystine) in the urine.
Inherit Mode: -
Disease Symptom: -
Disease Cause: -
Disease Diagnose: -
Treat Method: Cystine uroliths can be surgically removed or medically dissolved. Feeding a protein restricted diet low in methionine and increasing water intake will dilute the crystals, but salt should not be administered as increased sodium may increase urine cystine excretion. Increasing urine pH > 7.5 will increase solubility of crystals. Potassium citrate is preferred over sodium bicarbonate due to sodium's effect on increasing urine cystine. D-penicillamine changes cystine to more soluble form. D-penicillamine delays wound healing and should be avoided immediately after surgery if calculi are surgically removed. Alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) has fewer side effects and appears to be more effective than D-penicillamine, but is not approved yet for use in dogs.
Breeder Advice: -
Disease Description Source: Link
Disease Name | Other Name | Mode of inheritance | Link ID | Possible OMIM ID | Gene |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cystinuria, type I - A | - | Autosomal Recessive | SLC3A1 | ||
Cystinuria, type II - A | - | Autosomal Dominant | SLC3A1 | ||
Cystinuria, type II - B | - | Autosomal Dominant | SLC7A9 | ||
Cystinuria, type III | - | - | - | - |
iDog Breed Number | Breed Name | Personality | Height | Weight | Breed Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CB49 | Boykin Spaniel | Friendly, eager, trainable, lovable | 39.4-45.7 cm (male), 35.6-41.9 cm (female) | 13.6-18.1 kg (male), 11.3-15.9 kg (female) | United States |
CB61 | Canaan Dog | Alert, vigilant, territorial; docile with family, aloof with strangers | 50.8-61 cm (male), 48.3-58.4 cm (female) | 20.4-24.9 kg (male), 15.9-20.4 kg (female) | Middle East Lebanon - Israel |
CB64 | Carolina Dog | Loyal, Independent, Reserved with Strangers | 17.75-19.5 inches | 30-55 pounds | United States |
CB111 | German Short-Haired Pointer | Friendly, smart, willing to please | 58.4-63.5 cm (male), 53.3-58.4 cm (female) | 24.9-31.8 kg (male), 20.4-27.2 kg (female) | Germany |
CB120 | Great Pyrenees | Calm, patient, smart; strong-willed yet affectionate | 68.6-81.3 cm (male), 63.5-73.7 cm (female) | 45.4 kg & up (male), 38.6 kg & up (female) | France, Spain |
CB133 | Irish Water Spaniel | Alert and inquisitive; hardworking and brave in the field, playful and affectionate at home | 55.9-61 cm (male), 53.3-58.4 cm (female) | 24.9-30.8 kg (male), 20.4-26.3 kg (female) | Ireland |
CB167 | Norfolk Terrier | Alert, fearless, fun-loving, and more sociable than the usual terrier | 22.9-25.4 cm | 5-5.4 kg | United Kingdom |
CB180 | Perro de Presa Canario(Canary Mastiff) | Confident, Calm, Strong-Willed | 22-26 inches | 84-110 pounds | Spain |
CB215 | Sealyham Terrier | Alert and outgoing; stubbornness is tempered by a sly sense of humor | 26.7 cm | 10.4-10.9 kg (male), slightly less (females) | United Kingdom (Wales) |
2013 |
Brons,A.K.,Henthorn,P.S.,Raj,K.,Fitzgerald,C.A.,Liu,J.,Sewell,A.C.,Giger,U.: :
SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 mutations in autosomal recessive or dominant canine cystinuria: a new classification system. J Vet Intern Med 27:1400-8, 2013. Pubmed reference: 24001348 . DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12176 . |
2013 |
Brons,A.K.,Henthorn,P.S.,Raj,K.,Fitzgerald,C.A.,Liu,J.,Sewell,A.C.,Giger,U.: :
SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 mutations in autosomal recessive or dominant canine cystinuria: a new classification system. J Vet Intern Med 27:1400-8, 2013. Pubmed reference: 24001348 . DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12176 . |
2013 |
Brons,A.K.,Henthorn,P.S.,Raj,K.,Fitzgerald,C.A.,Liu,J.,Sewell,A.C.,Giger,U.: :
SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 mutations in autosomal recessive or dominant canine cystinuria: a new classification system. J Vet Intern Med 27:1400-8, 2013. Pubmed reference: 24001348 . DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12176 . |
2013 |
Brons,A.K.,Henthorn,P.S.,Raj,K.,Fitzgerald,C.A.,Liu,J.,Sewell,A.C.,Giger,U.: :
SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 mutations in autosomal recessive or dominant canine cystinuria: a new classification system. J Vet Intern Med 27:1400-8, 2013. Pubmed reference: 24001348 . DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12176 . |
2009 |
Houston,D.M.,Moore,A.E.: :
Canine and feline urolithiasis: Examination of over 50 000 urolith submissions to the Canadian veterinary urolith centre from 1998 to 2008. Canadian Veterinary Journal 50:1263–1268, 2009. |
2006 |
Harnevik,L.,Hoppe,A.,Söderkvist,P.: :
SLC7A9 cDNA cloning and mutational analysis of SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 in canine cystinuria. Mamm Genome 17:769-76, 2006. Pubmed reference: 16845473 . DOI: 10.1007/s00335-005-0146-4 . |
2006 |
Matos,A.J.,Mascarenhas,C.,Magalhães,P.,Pinto,J.P.: :
Efficient screening of the cystinuria-related C663T Slc3a1 nonsense mutation in Newfoundland dogs by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. J Vet Diagn Invest 18:102-5, 2006. Pubmed reference: 16566266 . |
2001 |
Hoppe,A.,Denneberg,T.: :
Cystinuria in the dog: Clinical studies during 14 years of medical treatment (vol 15, pg 361, 2001) Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 15:594, 2001. |
2000 |
Henthorn,P.S.,Liu,J.L.,Gidalevich,T.,Fang,J.K.,Casal,M.L.,Patterson,D.F.,Giger,U.: :
Canine cystinuria: polymorphism in the canine SLC3A1 gene and identification of a nonsense mutation in cystinuric Newfoundland dogs Human Genetics 107:295-303, 2000. Pubmed reference: 11129328 . |
1999 |
Osborne,C.A.,Sanderson,S.L.,Lulich,J.P.,Bartges,J.W.,Ulrich,L.K.,Koehler,L.A.,Bird,K.A.,Swanson,L.L.: :
Canine cystine urolithiasis. Cause, detection, treatment, and prevention. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 29:193-211, xiii, 1999. Pubmed reference: 10028158 . |
1999 |
Osborne,C.A.,Sanderson,S.L.,Lulich,J.P.,Bartges,J.W.,Ulrich,L.K.,Koehler,L.A.,Bird,K.A.,Swanson,L.L.: :
Canine cystine urolithiasis. Cause, detection, treatment, and prevention. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 29:193-211, xiii, 1999. Pubmed reference: 10028158 . |
1995 |
Casal,M.L.,Giger,U.,Bovee,K.C.,Patterson,D.F.: :
Inheritance of cystinuria and renal defect in Newfoundlands. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:1585-9, 1995. Pubmed reference: 7493896 . |
1993 |
Hoppe,A.,Denneberg,T.,Jeppsson,J.O.,Kagedal,B.: :
Canine Cystinuria - An Extended Study on the Effects of 2- Mercaptopropionylglycine on Cystine Urolithiasis and Urinary Cystine Excretion British Veterinary Journal 149:235-251, 1993. Pubmed reference: 8334506 . DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1935(05)80170-8 . |
1993 |
Hoppe,A.,Denneberg,T.,Jeppsson,J.O.,Kagedal,B.: :
Urinary Excretion of Amino Acids in Normal and Cystinuric Dogs British Veterinary Journal 149:253-268, 1993. Pubmed reference: 8334507 . DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1935(05)80171-X . |
1993 |
Nash,A.S.: :
Canine Cystinuria - Something Old, Something New British Veterinary Journal 149:205-206, 1993. Pubmed reference: 8334504 . DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1935(05)80167-8 . |
1940 |
Brand,E.,Cahill,G.F.,Kassell,B.: :
Canine cystinuria V. Family history of two cystinuria dogs and cystine determinates in dog urine Journal of Biological Chemistry 133:431-436, 1940. |
1936 |
Brand,E.,Cahill,G.F.: :
Canine cystinuria. III Journal of Biological Chemistry 15:114-, 1936. |
1823 |
Lassaigne,J.: :
Observation sur l'existence de l'oxide cystique dans un calcul vesical du chien, et essai analytique sur la composition élémentaire de cette substance particulière. Ann Chim Phys 23:328–334, 1823. |