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05 23, 2016;2 (6): 16073.

The rubber tree genome reveals new insights into rubber production and species adaptation.

Chaorong Tang, Meng Yang, Yongjun Fang, Yingfeng Luo, Shenghan Gao, Xiaohu Xiao, Zewei An, Binhui Zhou, Bing Zhang, Xinyu Tan, Hoong-Yeet Yeang, Yunxia Qin, Jianghua Yang, Qiang Lin, Hailiang Mei, Pascal Montoro, Xiangyu Long, Jiyan Qi, Yuwei Hua, Zilong He, Min Sun, Wenjie Li, Xia Zeng, Han Cheng, Ying Liu, Jin Yang, Weimin Tian, Nansheng Zhuang, Rizhong Zeng, Dejun Li, Peng He, Zhe Li, Zhi Zou, Shuangli Li, Chenji Li, Jixiang Wang, Dong Wei, Chao-Qiang Lai, Wei Luo, Jun Yu, Songnian Hu, Huasun Huang
Author Information
  1. Chaorong Tang: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  2. Meng Yang: CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
  3. Yongjun Fang: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  4. Yingfeng Luo: CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
  5. Shenghan Gao: CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
  6. Xiaohu Xiao: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  7. Zewei An: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  8. Binhui Zhou: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  9. Bing Zhang: Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing 100101, China.
  10. Xinyu Tan: CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
  11. Hoong-Yeet Yeang: Bukit Bandar Raya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ORCID
  12. Yunxia Qin: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  13. Jianghua Yang: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  14. Qiang Lin: CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
  15. Hailiang Mei: CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
  16. Pascal Montoro: CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
  17. Xiangyu Long: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  18. Jiyan Qi: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  19. Yuwei Hua: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  20. Zilong He: CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
  21. Min Sun: Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing 100101, China.
  22. Wenjie Li: Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing 100101, China.
  23. Xia Zeng: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  24. Han Cheng: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  25. Ying Liu: Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing 100101, China.
  26. Jin Yang: Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing 100101, China.
  27. Weimin Tian: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  28. Nansheng Zhuang: College of Agronomy, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
  29. Rizhong Zeng: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  30. Dejun Li: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  31. Peng He: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  32. Zhe Li: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  33. Zhi Zou: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  34. Shuangli Li: Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing 100101, China.
  35. Chenji Li: CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
  36. Jixiang Wang: CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
  37. Dong Wei: CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
  38. Chao-Qiang Lai: Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
  39. Wei Luo: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
  40. Jun Yu: CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
  41. Songnian Hu: CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China. ORCID
  42. Huasun Huang: Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou 571737, China.
PMID: 27255837 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.73

Abstract

The Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is an economically important tropical tree species that produces natural rubber, an essential industrial raw material. Here we present a high-quality genome assembly of this species (1.37 Gb, scaffold N50 = 1.28 Mb) that covers 93.8% of the genome (1.47 Gb) and harbours 43,792 predicted protein-coding genes. A striking expansion of the REF/SRPP (rubber elongation factor/small rubber particle protein) gene family and its divergence into several laticifer-specific isoforms seem crucial for rubber biosynthesis. The REF/SRPP family has isoforms with sizes similar to or larger than SRPP1 (204 amino acids) in 17 other plants examined, but no isoforms with similar sizes to REF1 (138 amino acids), the predominant molecular variant. A pivotal point in Hevea evolution was the emergence of REF1, which is located on the surface of large rubber particles that account for 93% of rubber in the latex (despite constituting only 6% of total rubber particles, large and small). The stringent control of ethylene synthesis under active ethylene signalling and response in laticifers resolves a longstanding mystery of ethylene stimulation in rubber production. Our study, which includes the re-sequencing of five other Hevea cultivars and extensive RNA-seq data, provides a valuable resource for functional genomics and tools for breeding elite Hevea cultivars.

MeSH Term

Adaptation, Biological
Ethylenes
Genome, Plant
Hevea
Plant Growth Regulators
Rubber

Chemicals

Ethylenes
Plant Growth Regulators
Rubber
ethylene
Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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