This study compared patient characteristics and health care costs between newly treated diabetic painful neuropathy (DPN) patients receiving mono- pharmacotherapy and those receiving combination pharmacotherapy. A retrospective cohort was developed through Inovalon's Medical Outcomes Research for Effectiveness and Economics Registry (MORE2) database. Patients included were ≥18 years on the date of first DPN prescription: tricyclic antidepressant, opioids, duloxetine, gabapentin, pregabalin, or lidocaine. The authors conducted a simple proportional hazards model comparing times to discontinuation, switch, or addon. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictors of combination pharmacotherapy. There were 7145 patients on mono-pharmacotherapy and 421 patients on combination pharmacotherapy. Patients receiving combination pharmacotherapy were 130% more likely to discontinue their medications than patients receiving mono-pharmacotherapy. Female patients and those with > 7 comorbidities were more likely to be started with combination pharmacotherapy. Elderly patients were less likely to be started with combination pharmacotherapy. The total cost of care difference between mono- and combination pharmacotherapy was not statistically significant (P = .66); therefore, newly treated DPN patients should add on another medication sooner than 30 days when considering combination pharmacotherapy. All first-line medications have similar efficacy; for this reason, cost should be considered in the treatment decision.
