Associations of vitamin D status with dietary intakes and physical activity levels among adults from seven European countries: the Food4Me study.
Yannis Manios, George Moschonis, Christina P Lambrinou, Christina Mavrogianni, Lydia Tsirigoti, Ulrich Hoeller, Franz F Roos, Igor Bendik, Manfred Eggersdorfer, Carlos Celis-Morales, Katherine M Livingstone, Cyril F M Marsaux, Anna L Macready, Rosalind Fallaize, Clare B O'Donovan, Clara Woolhead, Hannah Forster, Marianne C Walsh, Santiago Navas-Carretero, Rodrigo San-Cristobal, Silvia Kolossa, Jacqueline Hallmann, Mirosław Jarosz, Agnieszka Surwiłło, Iwona Traczyk, Christian A Drevon, Ben van Ommen, Keith Grimaldi, John N S Matthews, Hannelore Daniel, J Alfredo Martinez, Julie A Lovegrove, Eileen R Gibney, Lorraine Brennan, Wim H M Saris, Mike Gibney, John C Mathers, Food4Me Study
Author Information
Yannis Manios: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Heath Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. manios@hua.gr.
George Moschonis: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Heath Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Christina P Lambrinou: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Heath Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Christina Mavrogianni: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Heath Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Lydia Tsirigoti: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Heath Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Ulrich Hoeller: Analytical Research Centre and Human Nutrition & Health, DSM Nutritional Products, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
Franz F Roos: Analytical Research Centre and Human Nutrition & Health, DSM Nutritional Products, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
Igor Bendik: Analytical Research Centre and Human Nutrition & Health, DSM Nutritional Products, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
Manfred Eggersdorfer: Analytical Research Centre and Human Nutrition & Health, DSM Nutritional Products, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
Carlos Celis-Morales: Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Katherine M Livingstone: Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Cyril F M Marsaux: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Anna L Macready: Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Rosalind Fallaize: Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Clare B O'Donovan: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
Clara Woolhead: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
Hannah Forster: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
Marianne C Walsh: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
Santiago Navas-Carretero: Department of Nutrition and Physiology, University of Navarra; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.
Rodrigo San-Cristobal: Department of Nutrition and Physiology, University of Navarra; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.
Silvia Kolossa: ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Jacqueline Hallmann: ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Mirosław Jarosz: National Food & Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Warsaw, Poland.
Agnieszka Surwiłło: National Food & Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Warsaw, Poland.
Iwona Traczyk: National Food & Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Warsaw, Poland.
Christian A Drevon: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Ben van Ommen: Microbiology and Systems Biology Group, TNO, Zeist, the Netherlands.
Keith Grimaldi: Eurogenetica Ltd, 7 Salisbury Road, Burnham-on-Sea, UK.
John N S Matthews: School of Mathematics and Statistics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Hannelore Daniel: ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
J Alfredo Martinez: Department of Nutrition and Physiology, University of Navarra; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.
Julie A Lovegrove: Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Eileen R Gibney: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
Lorraine Brennan: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
Wim H M Saris: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Mike Gibney: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
John C Mathers: Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
PURPOSE: To report the Vitamin D status in adults from seven European countries and to identify behavioural correlates. METHODS: In total, 1075 eligible adult men and women from Ireland, Netherlands, Spain, Greece, UK, Poland and Germany, were included in the study. RESULTS: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, defined as 25-hydroxy Vitamin D (25-OHD) concentration of <30 and 30-49.9 nmol/L, respectively, were observed in 3.3 and 30.6% of the participants. The highest prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency was found in the UK and the lowest in the Netherlands (8.2 vs. 1.1%, P < 0.05). In addition, the prevalence of Vitamin D insufficiency was higher in females compared with males (36.6 vs. 22.6%, P < 0.001), in winter compared with summer months (39.3 vs. 25.0%, P < 0.05) and in younger compared with older participants (36.0 vs. 24.4%, P < 0.05). Positive dose-response associations were also observed between 25-OHD concentrations and dietary Vitamin D intake from foods and supplements, as well as with physical activity (PA) levels. Vitamin D intakes of ≥5 μg/day from foods and ≥5 μg/day from supplements, as well as engagement in ≥30 min/day of moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA were associated with higher odds (P < 0.05) for maintaining sufficient (≥50 nmol/L) 25-OHD concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency varied considerably among European adults. Dietary intakes of ≥10 μg/day of Vitamin D from foods and/or supplements and at least 30 min/day of moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA were the minimum thresholds associated with Vitamin D sufficiency.
