Seasonal survey was performed from August 2015 to May 2016 at 50 sampling sites in Lake Taihu to determine the spatial and temporal changes in macrobenthos community and their relationships with environmental variables. A total of 58 macrobenthos species were collected and identified, including 28 species of annelids, 17 species of molluscs, and 12 species of arthropods. Both the community composition and the dominant species changed temporally and spatially. Correspondingly, the macrobenthos biodiversity differed among regions and seasons. The macrobenthos density decreased with increased sediment depth, which is the first report about the vertical distribution of macrobenthos in Lake Taihu. The majority of benthic animals were located within the sediment depth of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm, accounting for 39.25% and 24.87% of the total abundance respectively. Redundancy discriminate analysis revealed that the main environmental factors affecting the most contributing macrobenthos species were temperature in summer, transparency, dissolved oxygen and pH in autumn, and water depth and dissolved oxygen in winter. Particularly, salinity and conductivity showed high correlation with the macrobenthos community through the whole sampling period. The investigation reveals the inherent spatiotemporal variation of macrobenthos community, and provides references for the biological assessment of water quality in Lake Taihu.
