Radiofrequency Exposure in Schools' Environment Reveals Spectrum Characteristics: The Role of Public Information.

Charilaos Tyrakis, Georgios A Gourzoulidis, Yiannis Kiouvrekis, Aris Alexias, Mohammed Alkhorayef, Abdelmoneim Sulieman, Constantin Kappas
Author Information
  1. Charilaos Tyrakis: Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece. ORCID
  2. Georgios A Gourzoulidis: Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
  3. Yiannis Kiouvrekis: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.
  4. Aris Alexias: Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
  5. Mohammed Alkhorayef: Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  6. Abdelmoneim Sulieman: Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
  7. Constantin Kappas: Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.

Abstract

No abstract text available.

References

  1. 1999/519/EC. European Union Council Recommendation of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz). Official Journal of the European Communities L199:59-70.
  2. French National Agency of Frequencies (ANFR). 2018. Etude de l'exposition du public aux ondes radioélectriques. Maisons-Alfort, France. French National Agency of Frequencies (ANFR).
  3. Chiaramello E, Bonato M, Fiocchi S, Tognola G, Parazzini M, Ravazzani P, Wiart J. 2019. Radio frequency electromagnetic fields exposure assessment in indoor environments: A review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16:955.
  4. Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) Recommendation (02) 04. 2007. Measuring Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Radiation (9 kHz-300 GHz). Helsinki, Finland: ECC.
  5. European Commission. 2010. Special Eurobarometer 347/Wave 73.3-TNS Opinion & Social. Electromagnetic Fields Report. Brussels, Belgium.
  6. Gajsek P, Ravazzani P, Wiart J, Grellier J, Samaras T, Thuroczy G. 2015. Electromagnetic field exposure assessment in Europe radiofrequency fields (10 MHz-6 GHz). JESEE 25:37-44.
  7. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). 1998. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys 74:494-522.
  8. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). 2020. Guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz). Health Phys 118:483-524.
  9. International Telecommunication Union. ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities (ITU-T). 2014. Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Considerations in Smart Sustainable Cities. Geneva, Switzerland.
  10. International telecommunication Union (ITU-T). 2018. Measurement of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields to Determine Compliance With Human Exposure Limits When a Base Station is Put Into Service (Series K 100). Geneva, Switzerland.
  11. Jalilian H, Eeftens M, Ziaei M, Roosli M. 2019. Public exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in everyday microenvironments: An updated systematic review for Europe. Environ Res 176:108517.
  12. Najera A, Gonzalez-Rubio J, Villalba JM, Arribas E. 2015. Using multiple exposimeters to evaluate the influence of the body when measuring personal exposition to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. COMPEL 34:1063-1069.
  13. Ramirez-Vazquez R, Gonzalez-Rubio J, Arribas E, Najera A. 2019. Characterization of personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in Albacete (Spain) and assessment of risk perception. Environ Res 172:109-116.
  14. Ramirez-Vazquez R, Arabasi S, Al-Taani H, Sbeih S, Gonzalez-Rubio J, Escobar I, Arribas E. 2020. Georeferencing of personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from WiFi in a university area. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:1898.
  15. United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS). 2000. The Expression of Uncertainty in Testing, First Edition. Middlesex, UK: UKAS.
  16. van Wel L, Vermeulen R, van Eijsden M, Vrijkotte T, Kromhout H, Huss A. 2017. Radiofrequency exposure levels in Amsterdam schools. Bioelectromagnetics 38:397-400.
  17. Verloock L, Joseph W, Goeminne F, Martens L, Verlaek M, Constandt K. 2014. Assessment of radio frequency exposures in schools, homes, and public places in Belgium. Health Phys 107:503-513.
  18. Vermeeren G, Markakis I, Goeminne F, Samaras T, Martens L, Joseph W. 2013. Spatial and temporal RF electromagnetic field exposure of children and adults in indoor microenvironments in Belgium and Greece. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 113:254-263.
  19. World Health Organization (WHO). 2002. Establishing a Dialogue on Risks from Electromagnetic Fields. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.

Grants

  1. International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP/King Saud University (ISPP 150)

MeSH Term

Environment
Guideline Adherence
Humans
Radiation Exposure
Radio Waves
Schools

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0RadiofrequencyExposureSchools'EnvironmentRevealsSpectrumCharacteristics:RolePublicInformation

Similar Articles

Cited By

No available data.