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Current topics in microbiology and immunology
2021;431 293-319.

Molecular Mechanisms of Campylobacter Biofilm Formation and Quorum Sensing.

Christoph Püning, Yulan Su, Xiaonan Lu, Greta Gölz
Author Information
  1. Christoph Püning: Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Free University Berlin, Koenigsweg 69D, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
  2. Yulan Su: Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Free University Berlin, Koenigsweg 69D, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
  3. Xiaonan Lu: Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
  4. Greta Gölz: Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Free University Berlin, Koenigsweg 69D, 14163, Berlin, Germany. greta.goelz@fu-berlin.de.
PMID: 33620656 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_11

Abstract

Even though Campylobacter spp. are known to be fastidious organisms, they can survive within the natural environment. One mechanism to withstand unfavourable conditions is the formation of biofilms, a multicellular structure composed of different bacterial and other microbial species which are embedded in an extracellular matrix. High oxygen levels, low substrate concentrations and the presence of external DNA stimulate the biofilm formation by C. jejuni. These external factors trigger internal adaptation processes, e.g. via regulating the expression of genes encoding proteins required for surface structure formation, as well as motility, stress response and antimicrobial resistance. Known genes impacting biofilm formation will be summarized in this review. The formation of biofilms as well as the expression of virulence genes is often regulated in a cell density depending manner by quorum sensing, which is mediated via small signalling molecules termed autoinducers. Even though quorum sensing mechanisms of other bacteria are well understood, knowledge on the role of these mechanisms in C. jejuni biofilm formation is still scarce. The luxS enzyme involved in generation of autoinducer-2 is present in C. jejuni, but autoinducer receptors have not been identified so far. Phenotypes of C. jejuni strains lacking a functional luxS like reduced growth, motility, oxygen stress tolerance, biofilm formation, adhesion, invasion and colonization are also summarized within this chapter. However, these phenotypes are highly variable in distinct C. jejuni strains and depend on the culture conditions applied.

Keywords

Autoinducer Biofilm formation Environmental factors Quorum sensing luxS mutants

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MeSH Term

Bacterial Proteins
Biofilms
Campylobacter
Quorum Sensing
Virulence

Chemicals

Bacterial Proteins
Journal Article Review
Article has an altmetric score of 1

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