Phytosomes as an Emerging Nanotechnology Platform for the Topical Delivery of Bioactive Phytochemicals.

Waleed S Alharbi, Fahad A Almughem, Alshaimaa M Almehmady, Somayah J Jarallah, Wijdan K Alsharif, Nouf M Alzahrani, Abdullah A Alshehri
Author Information
  1. Waleed S Alharbi: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
  2. Fahad A Almughem: National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
  3. Alshaimaa M Almehmady: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
  4. Somayah J Jarallah: National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
  5. Wijdan K Alsharif: National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia. ORCID
  6. Nouf M Alzahrani: National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.
  7. Abdullah A Alshehri: National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia. ORCID

Abstract

The emergence of phytosome nanotechnology has a potential impact in the field of drug delivery and could revolutionize the current state of topical bioactive phytochemicals delivery. The main challenge facing the translation of the therapeutic activity of phytochemicals to a clinical setting is the extremely low absorption rate and poor penetration across biological barriers (i.e., the skin). Phytosomes as lipid-based nanocarriers play a crucial function in the enhancement of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of herbal-originated polyphenolic compounds, and make this nanotechnology a promising tool for the development of new topical formulations. The implementation of this nanosized delivery system could enhance the penetration of phytochemicals across biological barriers due to their unique physiochemical characteristics, improving their bioavailability. In this review, we provide an outlook on the current knowledge of the biological barriers of phytoconstituents topical applications. The great potential of the emerging nanotechnology in the delivery of bioactive phytochemicals is reviewed, with particular focus on phytosomes as an innovative lipid-based nanocarrier. Additionally, we compared phytosomes with liposomes as the gold standard of lipid-based nanocarriers for the topical delivery of phytochemicals. Finally, the advantages of phytosomes in topical applications are discussed.

Keywords

References

  1. Medicines (Basel). 2018 Aug 25;5(3): [PMID: 30149600]
  2. Br J Haematol. 2017 Jun;177(5):674-683 [PMID: 28106908]
  3. Sci Rep. 2017 May 16;7(1):1931 [PMID: 28512322]
  4. Daru. 2019 Jun;27(1):389-406 [PMID: 30852764]
  5. J Nutr Sci. 2016 Dec 29;5:e47 [PMID: 28620474]
  6. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009 Jul;1(4):197-206 [PMID: 20592791]
  7. Mol Med Rep. 2017 Jun;15(6):3615-3622 [PMID: 28440447]
  8. Nano Rev Exp. 2017 Jun 07;8(1):1325708 [PMID: 30410704]
  9. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2013 Jun;30(3):170-7 [PMID: 24278070]
  10. Molecules. 2016 Feb 25;21(3):257 [PMID: 26927038]
  11. Saudi Pharm J. 2018 Jan;26(1):64-70 [PMID: 29379334]
  12. Phytother Res. 2006 Nov;20(11):1013-6 [PMID: 16909446]
  13. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 May;79(5):727-47 [PMID: 15113710]
  14. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Sep;1768(9):2195-204 [PMID: 17632074]
  15. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:283634 [PMID: 26090395]
  16. Nanomedicine. 2012 Apr;8(3):318-27 [PMID: 21704596]
  17. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2011 Jul;2(3):138-43 [PMID: 22171309]
  18. Rice (N Y). 2017 Dec;10(1):24 [PMID: 28547736]
  19. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2008 Jun;7(2):89-95 [PMID: 18482010]
  20. Altern Med Rev. 2005 Sep;10(3):193-203 [PMID: 16164374]
  21. Phytomedicine. 2018 Apr 1;43:110-119 [PMID: 29747743]
  22. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2016 Feb 26;9:55-62 [PMID: 27013898]
  23. J Control Release. 2013 May 28;168(1):50-60 [PMID: 23474031]
  24. Anticancer Res. 2003 Sep-Oct;23(5A):3801-6 [PMID: 14666680]
  25. Biomed Pharmacother. 1997;51(8):305-10 [PMID: 9436520]
  26. Front Pharmacol. 2015 Dec 01;6:286 [PMID: 26648870]
  27. Nanomedicine. 2010 Feb;6(1):153-60 [PMID: 19616123]
  28. J Nanobiotechnology. 2018 Sep 19;16(1):71 [PMID: 30231877]
  29. Drug Deliv. 2015;22(5):638-46 [PMID: 24471764]
  30. Chem Biol Interact. 2017 Jun 1;271:30-38 [PMID: 28460884]
  31. Adv Pharm Bull. 2018 Jun;8(2):169-179 [PMID: 30023318]
  32. Arch Dermatol Res. 2011 Nov;303(9):607-21 [PMID: 21805180]
  33. Molecules. 2015 Nov 27;20(12):21138-56 [PMID: 26633317]
  34. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015:504253 [PMID: 26180591]
  35. Nat Prod Rep. 2000 Oct;17(5):435-46 [PMID: 11072891]
  36. Int J Pharm. 2015 Jan 30;478(2):726-35 [PMID: 25479097]
  37. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Oct;22(4):982-995 [PMID: 28359161]
  38. Invest New Drugs. 2007 Apr;25(2):139-46 [PMID: 17077998]
  39. Cancer Lett. 2013 Jun 28;334(1):133-41 [PMID: 23435377]
  40. Int J Pharm. 2020 Jan 5;573:118817 [PMID: 31678520]
  41. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2007 Oct;42(10):1097-101 [PMID: 18229621]
  42. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2017 Nov;45(7):1415-1424 [PMID: 27855495]
  43. Chem Commun (Camb). 2019 Feb 5;55(12):1750-1753 [PMID: 30664132]
  44. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2007;26(2):105-16 [PMID: 17725536]
  45. Arch Pharm Res. 2011 Apr;34(4):551-62 [PMID: 21544720]
  46. Nutrients. 2019 Sep 10;11(9): [PMID: 31509968]
  47. Prostate. 2010 Jun 1;70(8):848-55 [PMID: 20127732]
  48. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:869061 [PMID: 24348726]
  49. Adv Pharm Bull. 2015 Mar;5(1):25-33 [PMID: 25789216]
  50. Curr Drug Targets. 2018;19(2):170-180 [PMID: 28482783]
  51. Exp Dermatol. 2008 Dec;17(12):1063-72 [PMID: 19043850]
  52. J Nat Prod. 2012 Oct 26;75(10):1675-82 [PMID: 23013292]
  53. Exp Dermatol. 2016 Feb;25(2):92-8 [PMID: 26284579]
  54. Fitoterapia. 2010 Jul;81(5):306-14 [PMID: 19919847]
  55. Adv Pharm Bull. 2020 Jan;10(1):13-19 [PMID: 32002357]
  56. Altern Med Rev. 2009 Sep;14(3):226-46 [PMID: 19803548]
  57. Z Naturforsch C J Biosci. 2002 Jan-Feb;57(1-2):129-34 [PMID: 11926524]
  58. Nutrients. 2020 Jan 29;12(2): [PMID: 32013132]
  59. Int J Pharm. 2001 Aug 14;224(1-2):1-18 [PMID: 11512545]
  60. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. 2016;10(1):7-10 [PMID: 26268361]
  61. Iran J Pharm Res. 2015 Spring;14(2):373-83 [PMID: 25901144]
  62. Age (Omaha). 1997 Jul;20(3):141-9 [PMID: 23604306]
  63. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020 Apr 15;15:2439-2483 [PMID: 32346289]
  64. Nat Biomed Eng. 2021 Apr 1;: [PMID: 33795852]
  65. Int J Pharm. 2006 Jan 3;307(1):77-82 [PMID: 16300915]
  66. Anticancer Res. 2006 Nov-Dec;26(6B):4457-98 [PMID: 17201169]
  67. Epilepsy Behav. 2015 Nov;52(Pt B):363-71 [PMID: 25899015]
  68. Foods. 2018 May 07;7(5): [PMID: 29735897]
  69. Age (Dordr). 2009 Dec;31(4):305-25 [PMID: 19588272]
  70. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2007 Jun;22(4):199-210 [PMID: 17457961]
  71. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):1099-109 [PMID: 23196771]
  72. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2020 Jan-Mar;12(1):1-10 [PMID: 32801594]
  73. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Jul 22;16:233 [PMID: 27450231]
  74. J Agric Food Chem. 1999 Oct;47(10):3954-62 [PMID: 10552749]
  75. Molecules. 2017 Nov 10;22(11): [PMID: 29125572]
  76. Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(14):1533-1550 [PMID: 29701147]
  77. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2014 Nov;44:234-9 [PMID: 25280701]
  78. Molecules. 2021 Jun 26;26(13): [PMID: 34206931]
  79. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1522:17-22 [PMID: 27837527]
  80. Arch Dermatol Res. 2014 Sep;306(7):601-17 [PMID: 24895176]
  81. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2013 Feb 22;8(1):102 [PMID: 23432972]
  82. ACS Infect Dis. 2020 Oct 9;6(10):2647-2660 [PMID: 32810398]
  83. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2015;2015:410675 [PMID: 26798334]
  84. Fitoterapia. 2010 Dec;81(8):1045-52 [PMID: 20603197]
  85. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Mar 12;11:145 [PMID: 32226378]
  86. J Invest Dermatol. 2004 Apr;122(4):993-9 [PMID: 15102090]
  87. World J Gastroenterol. 2011 May 14;17(18):2288-301 [PMID: 21633595]
  88. Front Chem. 2020 Oct 06;8:589957 [PMID: 33134284]
  89. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2017;30(3):115-138 [PMID: 28407621]
  90. Bioengineered. 2020 Dec;11(1):328-355 [PMID: 32138595]
  91. Drug Deliv. 2010 Nov;17(8):587-95 [PMID: 20624027]
  92. Phytochem Rev. 2018 Feb;17(1):161-194 [PMID: 31736679]
  93. J Pharm (Cairo). 2018 Mar 27;2018:3420204 [PMID: 29785318]
  94. Molecules. 2020 Oct 10;25(20): [PMID: 33050462]
  95. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Jan;1768(1):167-74 [PMID: 17070769]
  96. Plants (Basel). 2021 Feb 23;10(2): [PMID: 33672417]
  97. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2019 May;14(3):265-274 [PMID: 32104457]
  98. J Oncol. 2017;2017:7351976 [PMID: 28555156]
  99. Iran J Pharm Res. 2018;17(Suppl2):12-23 [PMID: 31011338]
  100. Int J Nanomedicine. 2015 Feb 02;10:975-99 [PMID: 25678787]
  101. Front Pharmacol. 2014 Jan 10;4:177 [PMID: 24454289]
  102. Br J Pharmacol. 2020 Mar;177(6):1294-1315 [PMID: 31650528]

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0deliverytopicalphytochemicalsphytosomesnanotechnologybiologicalbarrierslipid-basednanocarrierspotentialdrugcurrentbioactivepenetrationacrossskinPhytosomesapplicationsemergencephytosomeimpactfieldrevolutionizestatemainchallengefacingtranslationtherapeuticactivityclinicalsettingextremelylowabsorptionratepoorieplaycrucialfunctionenhancementpharmacokineticpharmacodynamicpropertiesherbal-originatedpolyphenoliccompoundsmakepromisingtooldevelopmentnewformulationsimplementationnanosizedsystemenhancedueuniquephysiochemicalcharacteristicsimprovingbioavailabilityreviewprovideoutlookknowledgephytoconstituentsgreatemergingreviewedparticularfocusinnovativenanocarrierAdditionallycomparedliposomesgoldstandardFinallyadvantagesdiscussedEmergingNanotechnologyPlatformTopicalDeliveryBioactivePhytochemicalsbarrierapplication

Similar Articles

Cited By