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Journal of basic microbiology
Dec, 2022;62 (12): 1417-1428.

Global scenario of Plasmodium vivax occurrence and resistance pattern.

Davinder Kaur, Shweta Sinha, Rakesh Sehgal
Author Information
  1. Davinder Kaur: Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
  2. Shweta Sinha: Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
  3. Rakesh Sehgal: Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. ORCID
PMID: 36125207 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200316

Abstract

Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax is comparatively less virulent than Plasmodium falciparum, which can also lead to severe disease and death. It shows a wide geographical distribution. Chloroquine serves as a drug of choice, with primaquine as a radical cure. However, with the appearance of resistance to chloroquine and treatment has been shifted to artemisinin combination therapy followed by primaquine as a radical cure. Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, mefloquine, and atovaquone-proguanil are other drugs of choice in chloroquine-resistant areas, and later resistance was soon reported for these drugs also. The emergence of drug resistance serves as a major hurdle to controlling and eliminating malaria. The discovery of robust molecular markers and regular surveillance for the presence of mutations in malaria-endemic areas would serve as a helpful tool to combat drug resistance. Here, in this review, we will discuss the endemicity of P. vivax, a historical overview of antimalarial drugs, the appearance of drug resistance and molecular markers with their global distribution along with different measures taken to reduce malaria burden due to P. vivax infection and their resistance.

Keywords

Plasmodium drug resistance malaria molecular marker resistance

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MeSH Term

Humans
Plasmodium vivax
Primaquine
Antimalarials
Malaria, Vivax
Chloroquine
Malaria

Chemicals

Primaquine
Antimalarials
Chloroquine
Journal Article Review
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