Protecting hospitals from SARS-CoV-2 infection: A review-based comprehensive strategy for COVID-19 prevention and control.
Francesco Chirico, Gabriella Nucera, Angelo Sacco, Giuseppe Taino, Lukasz Szarpak, Marcello Imbriani
Author Information
Francesco Chirico: Post-graduate School of Occupational Health, Universit�� Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Gabriella Nucera: Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Nursing Science, University of Milan, Italy.
Angelo Sacco: Post-graduate School of Occupational Health, Universit�� Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Giuseppe Taino: IRCCS S. Maugeri Foundation, Hospital Unit of Occupational Medicine (UOOML), Pavia, Italy.
Lukasz Szarpak: Institute of Outcomes Research, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland and Maria Sklodowska-Curie Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland.
Marcello Imbriani: IRCCS S. Maugeri Foundation, Hospital Unit of Occupational Medicine (UOOML), Pavia, Italy.
SUMMARY: SARS-CoV-2-related infection can determine hospital-acquired infections among patients and healthcare workers. Aim of this paper was to review the literature for developing a strategy for protecting healthcare workers, patients, and visitors by COVID-19 hospital infection. A critical and rapid revision of the literature and international standards and Regulations on this topic allowed us to propose an evidencebased strategy in the framework of the workplace risk assessment for preventing nosocomial COVID-19 outbreaks. The virus' high transmissibility, the high prevalence of asymptomatic carriers and false-negative Covid-19 rates on naso- and oropharingeal swabs, put hospitals at high-risk of COVID-19 outbreaks. A comprehensive strategy based on standard precautions, administrative, environmental, and engineering controls, a screening protocol for patients on their admission to hospital, and a testing-based strategy for HCWs within health surveillance programs may prevent the onset of hospital outbreaks, which are a threat to community, patients and HCWs, compromising the sustainability of healthcare facilities.
