Alba Iaconi, Matthias Hoben, Whitney Berta PhD, Yinfei Duan, Peter G Norton, Yuting Song, Stephanie A Chamberlain, Anna Beeber, Ruth A Anderson, Holly J Lanham, Janelle Perez, Jing Wang, Katharina Choroschun, Shovana Shrestha, Greta Cummings, Carole A Estabrooks
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Organizational context is thought to influence whether care aides feel empowered, but we lack empirical evidence in the nursing home sector. Our objective was to examine the association of features of nursing homes' unit organizational context with care aides' psychological empowerment.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed survey data from 3765 care aides in 91 Western Canadian nursing homes. Random-intercept mixed-effects regressions were used to examine the associations between nursing home unit organizational context and care aides' psychological empowerment, controlling for care aide, care unit, and nursing home covariates.
RESULTS: Organizational (IVs) culture, social capital, and care aides' perceptions of sufficient time to do their work were positively associated with all four components of psychological empowerment (DVs): competence (0.17 [0.13, 0.21] for culture, 0.18 [0.14, 0.21] for social capital, 0.03 [0.01, 0.05] for time), meaning (0.21 [0.18, 0.25] for culture, 0.19 [0.16, 0.23] for social capital, 0.03 [0.01, 0.05 for time), self-determination (0.38 [0.33, 0.44] for culture, 0.17 [0.12, 0.21] for social capital, 0.08 [0.05, 0.11] for time), and impact (0.26 [0.21, 0.31] for culture, 0.23 [0.19, 0.28] for social capital, 0.04 [0.01, 0.07] for time).
DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: In this study, modifiable elements of organizational context (i.e., culture, social capital, and time) were positively associated with care aides' psychological empowerment. Future interventions might usefully target these modifiable elements of unit level context in the interest of assessing their effects on staff work attitudes and outcomes, including the quality of resident care.
