Enhanced environmental surveillance for avian influenza A/H5, H7 and H9 viruses in Guangxi, China, 2017-2019.
Tao Chen, Yi Tan, Ying Song, Guangwu Wei, Zhiqiang Li, Ximing Wang, Jing Yang, Alexander J Millman, Minmei Chen, Deping Liu, Tao Huang, Ming Jiao, Weitao He, Xiuchang Zhao, Carolyn M Greene, James C Kile, Suizan Zhou, Ran Zhang, Xiaoxu Zeng, Qian Guo, Dayan Wang
Author Information
Tao Chen: Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Yi Tan: Guangxi Autonomous Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China.
Ying Song: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30329, USA.
Guangwu Wei: Chongzuo City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongzuo 532299, China.
Zhiqiang Li: Pingxiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pingxiang 532699, China.
Ximing Wang: Longzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongzuo 532499, China.
Jing Yang: Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Alexander J Millman: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30329, USA.
Minmei Chen: Guangxi Autonomous Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China.
Deping Liu: Chongzuo City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongzuo 532299, China.
Tao Huang: Chongzuo City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongzuo 532299, China.
Ming Jiao: Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Weitao He: Guangxi Autonomous Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China.
Xiuchang Zhao: Chongzuo City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongzuo 532299, China.
Carolyn M Greene: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30329, USA.
James C Kile: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30329, USA.
Suizan Zhou: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30329, USA.
Ran Zhang: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30329, USA.
Xiaoxu Zeng: Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Qian Guo: Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Dayan Wang: Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
We conducted environmental surveillance to detect avian influenza viruses circulating at live poultry markets (LPMs) and poultry farms in Guangxi Autonomous Region, China, where near the China-Vietnam border. From November through April 2017-2018 and 2018-2019, we collected environmental samples from 14 LPMs, 4 poultry farms, and 5 households with backyard poultry in two counties of Guangxi and tested for avian influenza A, H5, H7, and H9 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). In addition, we conducted four cross-sectional questionnaire surveys among stall owners on biosecurity practices in LPMs of two study sites. Among 16,713 environmental specimens collected and tested, the median weekly positive rate for avian influenza A was 53.6% (range = 33.5% - 66.0%), including 25.2% for H9, 4.9% for H5, and 21.2% for other avian influenza viruses A subtypes, whereas a total of two H7 positive samples were detected. Among the 189 LPM stalls investigated, most stall owners (73.0%) sold chickens and ducks. Therefore, continued surveillance of the avian influenza virus is necessary for detecting and responding to emerging trends in avian influenza virus epidemiology.
