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European journal of nutrition
Dec, 2024;63 (8): 3025-3035.

Effects of different doses of caffeine on cognitive performance in healthy physically active individuals.

María Ramírez-delaCruz, Paula Esteban-García, Pablo Abián, Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez, Inés Piñas-Bonilla, Javier Abián-Vicén
Author Information
  1. María Ramírez-delaCruz: Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory (DEPORSALUD), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain. ORCID
  2. Paula Esteban-García: Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory (DEPORSALUD), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain. ORCID
  3. Pablo Abián: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Comillas Pontifical University, Calle Universidad Comillas, 3-5, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
  4. Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez: Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo- Majadahonda km 1,800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Spain. ORCID
  5. Inés Piñas-Bonilla: Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Avda. De Elvas, s/n. 06006. Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain.
  6. Javier Abián-Vicén: Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory (DEPORSALUD), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain. javier.abian@uclm.es. ORCID
PMID: 39231871 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03486-9

Abstract

PURPOSE: Caffeine is a potent central nervous system stimulant that increases the activity of the prefrontal cortex and can improve various cognitive skills. An improvement in these cognitive skills can lead to further benefits in athletic performance. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the dose-response of caffeine on cognitive performance. This study aimed to determine the effects of different doses of caffeine on sport-related cognitive aspects.
METHODS: Twenty-nine healthy physically active young adults were recruited. All participants completed three trials under the following conditions: (a) placebo, (b) 3 mg/kg, or (c) 6 mg/kg body mass of caffeine. In each trial, different cognitive abilities were evaluated with the following battery of tests: reaction time (Dynavision™ D2), anticipation (Bassin Anticipation Timer), sustained attention (Go/No-Go and Eriksen Flanker Test) and memory tests. Moreover, the side effects and the perceived sensation index were recorded 24 h after each test.
RESULTS: Reaction time only improved following 6 mg/kg of caffeine intake (Physical reaction time: -0.04 s, 95% CI -0.08 to -0.01 s, P = 0.036, d = 0.5; Motor reaction time: -0.04 s, 95% CI -0.07 to -0.01 s, P = 0.008, d = 0.6) compared to the placebo condition. Anticipation, sustained attention, and memory were not affected after either caffeine dose intake (all P > 0.05). In addition, the 6 mg/kg dose of caffeine augmented the occurrence of the side effects of increased activeness (P = 0.046) and nervousness (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Acute intake of 6 mg/kg caffeine is effective in improving reaction time despite increasing the occurrence of side effects in healthy physically active young adults.
STUDY REGISTRATION: This study has been registered in ClinicalTrials whose ID is: NCT05995314 (2023-08-08).

Keywords

Anticipation Attention Ergogenic aid Memory Reaction time Sports performance

Associated Data

ClinicalTrials.gov | NCT05995314

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Grants

  1. 2018-3795/001-001/Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency
  2. 2020-PREDUCLM-16702/Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha

MeSH Term

Humans
Caffeine
Male
Cognition
Young Adult
Female
Reaction Time
Central Nervous System Stimulants
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Adult
Double-Blind Method
Athletic Performance
Attention
Memory
Cross-Over Studies

Chemicals

Caffeine
Central Nervous System Stimulants
Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial
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Created with Highcharts 10.0.0caffeinecognitive-0performanceeffects6 mg/kgreactiontimeP = 0differenthealthyphysicallyactivefollowingAnticipationsideintakecanskillsstudydosesyoungadultsplacebosustainedattentionmemoryReactiontime:04 s95%CI01 sd = 0doseoccurrencePURPOSE:CaffeinepotentcentralnervoussystemstimulantincreasesactivityprefrontalcorteximprovevariousimprovementleadbenefitsathleticThereforenecessaryclarifydose-responseaimeddeterminesport-relatedaspectsMETHODS:Twenty-ninerecruitedparticipantscompletedthreetrialsconditions:b3 mg/kgcbodymasstrialabilitiesevaluatedbatterytests:Dynavision™D2anticipationBassinTimerGo/No-GoEriksenFlankerTesttestsMoreoverperceivedsensationindexrecorded24 htestRESULTS:improvedPhysical080365Motor070086comparedconditionaffectedeitherP > 005additionaugmentedincreasedactiveness046nervousness001CONCLUSION:AcuteeffectiveimprovingdespiteincreasingSTUDYREGISTRATION:registeredClinicalTrialswhoseIDis:NCT059953142023-08-08EffectsindividualsAttentionErgogenicaidMemorySports

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