Liposomal delivery enhances absorption of vitamin C into plasma and leukocytes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.

Martin Purpura, Ralf J��ger, Ashok Godavarthi, Dhananjaya Bhaskarachar, Grant M Tinsley
Author Information
  1. Martin Purpura: Increnovo LLC, 730 E Carlisle Ave, Whitefish Bay, WI, 53217, USA. martin.purpura@increnovo.com. ORCID
  2. Ralf J��ger: Increnovo LLC, 730 E Carlisle Ave, Whitefish Bay, WI, 53217, USA.
  3. Ashok Godavarthi: Radiant Research Services Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, 560058, India.
  4. Dhananjaya Bhaskarachar: Department of Medicine, Shetty's Hospital, 2nd F Main Rd, Kaveri Nagar, Bommanahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 068, India.
  5. Grant M Tinsley: Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.

Abstract

PURPOSE: L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in various physiological functions, including immune health. The stability of vitamin C in the gastrointestinal tract its bioavailability is limited. This study aimed to investigate if a liposomal form of vitamin C can increase absorption compared to standard vitamin C.
METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover fashion, 19 males and 8 females (n���=���27; 36.0��������5.1 years, 165.0��������6.9 cm, 70.6��������7.1 kg) ingested a single-dose of placebo (PLA), 500 mg vitamin C (VIT C), and 500 mg liposomal vitamin C (LV-VIT C, LipoVantage, Specnova, LLC, Tyson Corner, VA, USA). Venous blood samples were collected 0, 0.5-, 1-, 1.5-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 12-, and 24-hours after ingestion and were analyzed for plasma and leukocyte vitamin C concentration.
RESULTS: VIT C.and LV-VIT C.demonstrated significantly greater Cmax and AUC in plasma and in leukocytes compared to placebo (p���<���0.001). Additionally, LV-VIT C.had significantly higher Cmax (plasma���+���27%, leukocytes���+���20%, p���<���0.001) and AUC (plasma���+���21%, leukocytes���+���8%, p���<���0.001) values as compared to VIT C.
CONCLUSION: Liposomal formulation of vitamin C increases absorption into plasma and leukocytes.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI/2023/04/051789).

Keywords

References

  1. Spoelstra-de Man AME, Elbers PWG, Oudemans-Van Straaten HM (2018) Vitamin C: should we supplement? Curr Opin Crit Care 24:248���255. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0000000000000510 [DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000510]
  2. Granger M, Eck P (2017) Dietary Vitamin C in Human Health. Adv Food Nutr Res 83:281���310. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.11.006 [DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.11.006]
  3. Aghajanian P, Hall S, Wongworawat MD, Mohan S (2015) The roles and mechanisms of actions of vitamin C in bone: New Developments. J Bone Min Res 30:1945���1955. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2709 [DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2709]
  4. Carr AC, Maggini S (2017) Vitamin C and immune function. Nutrients 9:1211. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111211 [DOI: 10.3390/nu9111211]
  5. Hemil�� H (1997) Vitamin C intake and susceptibility to the common cold. Br J Nutr 77:59���72. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500002889 [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114500002889]
  6. Vald��s F (2006) Vitamina, C. [Vitamin C]. Actas Dermosifiliogr 97:557���������68. Spanish. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-7310(06)73466-4
  7. Liu RH (2013) Health-promoting components of fruits and vegetables in the diet. Adv Nutr 4. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.112.003517 . :84S-92S
  8. Lee S, Choi Y, Jeong HS, Lee J, Sung J (2017) Effect of different cooking methods on the content of vitamins and true retention in selected vegetables. Food Sci Biotechnol 27:333���342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-017-0281-1 [PMID: 30263756]
  9. B��hler V (2002) Vademecum for vitamin formulations. Eur J Nutr 41:186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-002-0364-4 [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-002-0364-4]
  10. Naidu KA (2003) Vitamin C in human health and disease is still a mystery? An overview. Nutr J 2:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-2-7 [DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-2-7]
  11. Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P (2019) The pharmacokinetics of vitamin C. Nutrients 11:2412. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102412 [DOI: 10.3390/nu11102412]
  12. Lindblad M, Tveden-Nyborg P, Lykkesfeldt J (2013) Regulation of vitamin C homeostasis during deficiency. Nutrients 5:2860���2879. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5082860 [DOI: 10.3390/nu5082860]
  13. Wilson JX (2005) Regulation of vitamin C transport. Annu Rev Nutr 25:105���125. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092647 [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092647]
  14. Tsukaguchi H, Tokui T, Mackenzie B, Berger UV, Chen XZ, Wang Y, Brubaker RF, Hediger MA (1999) A family of mammalian Na+-dependent L-ascorbic acid transporters. Nature 399:70���75. https://doi.org/10.1038/19986 [DOI: 10.1038/19986]
  15. Jacob RA (1990) Assessment of human vitamin C status. J Nutr Suppl 11:1480���1485. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/120.suppl_11.1480 [DOI: 10.1093/jn/120.suppl_11.1480]
  16. ��ukawski M, Da��ek P, Borowik T, Fory�� A, Langner M, Witkiewicz W, Przyby��o M (2020) New oral liposomal vitamin C formulation: properties and bioavailability. J Liposome Res 30:227���234. https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2019.1630642 [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1630642]
  17. Hope MJ, Bally MB, Mayer LD, Janoff AS, Cullis PR (1986) Generation of multilamellar and unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. Chem Phys Lipids 40:89���107. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(86)90065-4 [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(86)90065-4]
  18. Deamer DW (2010) From banghasomes to liposomes: a memoir of Alec Bangham, 1921���2010. FASEB J 24:1308���1310. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.10-0503 [DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-0503]
  19. Mezei M, Gulasekharam V (1980) Liposomes���a selective drug delivery system for the topical route of administration. Lotion dosage form. Life Sci 26:1473���1477. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(80)90268-4 [DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(80)90268-4]
  20. Bozzuto G, Molinari A (2015) Liposomes as nanomedical devices. Int J Nanomed 10. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S68861 . :975���������99
  21. Etheridge ML, Campbell SA, Erdman AG, Haynes CL, Wolf SM, McCullough J (2013) The big picture on nanomedicine: the state of investigational and approved nanomedicine products. Nanomedicine 9:1���14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2012.05.013 [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.05.013]
  22. Wen CJ, Chiang CF, Lee CS, Lin YH, Tsai JS (2022) Double nutri (liposomal encapsulation) enhances bioavailability of vitamin C and extends its half-life in plasma. J Biomed Nanotchnol 18:922���927. https://doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2022.3274 [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3274]
  23. Hickey S, Roberts HJ, Miller NJ (2008) Pharmacokinetics of oral vitamin C. J Nutr Environ Med 17:169���177. https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840802305423 [DOI: 10.1080/13590840802305423]
  24. Davis JL, Paris HL, Beals JW, Binns SE, Giordano GR, Scalzo RL, Schweder MM, Blair E, Bell C (2016) Liposomal-encapsulated ascorbic acid: influence on vitamin C bioavailability and capacity to protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Nutr Metab Insights 9:25���30. https://doi.org/10.4137/NMI.S39764 [DOI: 10.4137/NMI.S39764]
  25. R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing; R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna, Austria (2023) ; Available online: http://www.R-project.org (accessed on 25 August 2023)
  26. Kassambara A (2020) rstatix: Pipe-Friendly Framework for Basic Statistical Tests
  27. Gopi S, Balakrishnan P (2021) Evaluation and clinical comparison studies on liposomal and non-liposomal ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and their enhanced bioavailability. J Liposome Res 31:356���364. https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2020.1820521 [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2020.1820521]
  28. Mitmesser SH, Ye Q, Evans M, Combs M (2016) Determination of plasma and leukocyte vitamin C concentrations in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Ester-C(). Springerplus 5:1161. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2605-7 [DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2605-7]

Grants

  1. SpecNova LLC/SpecNova LLC

MeSH Term

Humans
Ascorbic Acid
Double-Blind Method
Male
Liposomes
Female
Adult
Cross-Over Studies
Leukocytes
Biological Availability
Dietary Supplements
Intestinal Absorption
Drug Delivery Systems
Middle Aged

Chemicals

Ascorbic Acid
Liposomes

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0CvitaminplasmaabsorptioncomparedVITLV-VITp���<���0001healthliposomalrandomizeddouble-blindplacebo-controlled1placebo500 mg05-significantlyCmaxAUCleukocytesLiposomalPURPOSE:L-Ascorbicacidessentialwater-solubleplaysimportantrolevariousphysiologicalfunctionsincludingimmunestabilitygastrointestinaltractbioavailabilitylimitedstudyaimedinvestigateformcanincreasestandardMETHODS:crossoverfashion19males8femalesn���=���27360��������5years1650��������69 cm706��������71 kgingestedsingle-dosePLALipoVantageSpecnovaLLCTysonCornerVAUSAVenousbloodsamplescollected1-2-3-4-6-8-12-24-hoursingestionanalyzedleukocyteconcentrationRESULTS:demonstratedgreaterAdditionallyhigherplasma���+���27%leukocytes���+���20%plasma���+���21%leukocytes���+���8%valuesCONCLUSION:formulationincreasesTRIALREGISTRATION:ClinicalTrialsRegistry-IndiaCTRI/2023/04/051789deliveryenhancesleukocytes:trialBioavailabilityImmuneLiposomeVitamin

Similar Articles

Cited By (2)