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Oct, 2024;44 (5): 867-882.

Naringin and Naringenin: Potential Multi-Target Agents for Alzheimer's Disease.

Jing Lu, Jie Chen, Shu-Yue Li, Guang-Jie Pan, Yi Ou, Li-Fu Yuan, Jian-Ping Jiang, Ling-Hui Zeng, Jie Zhao
Author Information
  1. Jing Lu: Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
  2. Jie Chen: Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
  3. Shu-Yue Li: Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
  4. Guang-Jie Pan: Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
  5. Yi Ou: Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
  6. Li-Fu Yuan: Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
  7. Jian-Ping Jiang: Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China. jiangjp@hzcu.edu.cn.
  8. Ling-Hui Zeng: Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China. zenglh@hzcu.edu.cn.
  9. Jie Zhao: Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China. zhaojie@hzcu.edu.cn.
PMID: 39347923 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2921-z

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of neurodegenerative dementia. The etiology of AD is multifactorial, and its complex pathophysiology involves tau and amyloid-β deposition, increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, metabolic disorders, and massive neuronal loss. Due to its complex pathology, no effective cure for AD has been found to date. Therefore, there is an unmet clinical need for the development of new drugs against AD. Natural products are known to be good sources of compounds with pharmacological activity and have potential for the development of new therapeutic agents. Naringin, a naturally occurring flavanone glycoside, is predominantly found in citrus fruits and Chinese medicinal herbs. Mounting evidence shows that naringin and its aglycone, naringenin, have direct neuroprotective effects on AD, such as anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and anti-neuroinflammatory effects, as well as metal chelation. Furthermore, they are known to improve disordered glucose/lipid metabolism, which is a high risk factor for AD. In this review, we summarize the latest data on the impact of naringin and naringenin on the molecular mechanisms involved in AD pathophysiology. Additionally, we provide an overview of the current clinical applications of naringin and naringenin. The novel delivery systems for naringin and naringenin, which can address their widespread pharmacokinetic limitations, are also discussed. The literature indicates that naringin and naringenin could be multilevel, multitargeted, and multifaceted for preventing and treating AD.

Keywords

Alzheimer’s disease multitarget naringenin naringin

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MeSH Term

Flavanones
Alzheimer Disease
Humans
Neuroprotective Agents
Animals
Antioxidants
Oxidative Stress
Amyloid beta-Peptides

Chemicals

Flavanones
naringenin
naringin
Neuroprotective Agents
Antioxidants
Amyloid beta-Peptides
Journal Article Review
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