OBJECTIVES: To explore the underlying variables and molecular pathways leading to pancreatic cancer liver metastasis.
METHODS: Hs766T and Hs766T-L3 cells were used to create in vitro and in vivo pancreatic cancer liver metastasis models. DYRK2 involvement in pancreatic cancer metastasis was investigated using cell adhesion assays, wound healing assays, and migration and invasion assays. To examine the link between DYRK2 expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence assays, and immunoprecipitation (IP) were utilized. We found that mice with DYRK2 overexpression had a lower incidence of liver metastasis compared to controls.
RESULTS: DYRK2 expression decreased pancreatic cancer tumorigenic activities, including proliferation, migration, and invasion. By analyzing the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and IP results after overexpressing DYRK2, we found that DYRK2 decreased Twist levels by increasing Twist ubiquitination, thereby inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide theoretical and experimental support for the ongoing development of DYRK2-based targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer liver metastases.
