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Microscopy research and technique
Apr, 2025;88 (4): 1087-1101.

Pharmacognostic Characterization of Primula macrophylla by Light Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Analytical Techniques.

Kinza Muhammad Din, Fiaz Alam, Mehak Sarfraz, Rukhba Rasheed, Abdulhakeem S Alamri, Ibrar Ahmed
Author Information
  1. Kinza Muhammad Din: Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
  2. Fiaz Alam: Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. ORCID
  3. Mehak Sarfraz: Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. ORCID
  4. Rukhba Rasheed: Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
  5. Abdulhakeem S Alamri: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
  6. Ibrar Ahmed: Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
PMID: 39673332 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24774

Abstract

Traditional medicinal systems have extensively used Primula macrophylla (Primulaceae) to treat a variety conditions, including bronchitis, asthma, joint pain, fever and so forth. This study determines various pharmacognostic and phytochemical standards helpful to ensure the purity, safety, and efficacy of medicinal plant P. macrophylla. In experimental section the Intact aerial parts, powdered materials, and extracts were examined macro- and microscopically and pharmacognostic standardization parameters were determined in accordance with the guidelines given by the World Health Organization. Parameters including extractive values, ash values, and loss on drying were determined. Preliminary phytochemical tests, fluorescence analysis, and chromatographic profiling were performed for the identification and standardization of P. macrophylla. The results of macroscopic studies revealed that leaves are farinose, alternating, foliage, toothed and flowers are unbranched, hermaphroditic, large, herbaceous, round, non-woody stem, roots are adventitious. Length of leave is 11���cm, flower 3���cm, stem 38���cm and root 18���cm. Odor is clove or Eucalyptus like, irritating smell and has pungent/ bitterness. Qualitative analysis confirmed that carbohydrates are not present and saponins, terpenoid, flavonoid, phenolic, phytosterol and fixed oils are not present. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) showed the trace amounts of Pb (1.604���mg/L), As (-12.91���mg/L), Hg (7.102���mg/L), and Cd (0.226���mg/L) present. The internal structure of the plant was examined using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The plant cross-sectional scans revealed several useful botanical properties. LM and SEM revealed important diagnostic features including stomata, phloem, xylem, spiral vessels, and trichomes and so forth. We conclude that the data generated from the present study help to authenticate the medicinally important plant P. macrophylla. This study is helpful for establishing the pharmacopeia standards in accordance with WHO guidelines.

Keywords

primula macrophylla microscopy pharmacognostic parameters physicochemical qualitative analysis

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MeSH Term

Plant Extracts
Primula
Plants, Medicinal
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Plant Leaves
Microscopy
Phytochemicals
Pharmacognosy
Flowers
Plant Roots

Chemicals

Plant Extracts
Phytochemicals
Journal Article

Word Cloud

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