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Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution
Mar, 2025;344 (2): 94-111.

High Nutritional Conditions Influence Feeding Plasticity in Pristionchus pacificus and Render Worms Non-Predatory.

Veysi Piskobulu, Marina Athanasouli, Hanh Witte, Christian Feldhaus, Adrian Streit, Ralf J Sommer
Author Information
  1. Veysi Piskobulu: Department for Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
  2. Marina Athanasouli: Department for Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
  3. Hanh Witte: Department for Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
  4. Christian Feldhaus: Max-Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, BioOptics Facility, Tübingen, Germany.
  5. Adrian Streit: Department for Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
  6. Ralf J Sommer: Department for Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. ORCID
PMID: 39822045 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23284

Abstract

Developmental plasticity, the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to environmental conditions, has been subject to intense studies in the last four decades. The self-fertilising nematode Pristionchus pacificus has been developed as a genetic model system for studying developmental plasticity due to its mouth-form polyphenism that results in alternative feeding strategies with a facultative predatory and non-predatory mouth form. Many studies linked molecular aspects of the regulation of mouth-form polyphenism with investigations of its evolutionary and ecological significance. Also, several environmental factors influencing P. pacificus feeding structure expression were identified including temperature, culture condition and population density. However, the nutritional plasticity of the mouth form has never been properly investigated although polyphenisms are known to be influenced by changes in nutritional conditions. For instance, studies in eusocial insects and scarab beetles have provided significant mechanistic insights into the nutritional regulation of polyphenisms but also other forms of plasticity. Here, we study the influence of nutrition on mouth-form polyphenism in P. pacificus through experiments with monosaccharide and fatty acid supplementation. We show that in particular glucose supplementation renders worms non-predatory. Subsequent transcriptomic and mutant analyses indicate that de novo fatty acid synthesis and peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathways play an important role in the mediation of this plastic response. Finally, the analysis of fitness consequences through fecundity counts suggests that non-predatory animals have an advantage over predatory animals grown in the glucose-supplemented condition.

Keywords

Pristionchus pacificus developmental plasticity fatty acids glucose nutrition polyphenism

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Grants

  1. /This study was supported by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft.

MeSH Term

Animals
Feeding Behavior
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Glucose
Fatty Acids
Rhabditida
Mouth
Nematoda
Predatory Behavior

Chemicals

Glucose
Fatty Acids
Journal Article
Article has an altmetric score of 2

Word Cloud

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