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Applied health economics and health policy
Mar, 2025;23 (2): 231-251.

Productivity Losses due to Health Problems Arising from COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Population-Level Studies Worldwide.

Pawe�� Niewiadomski, Marta Ortega-Ortega, B��a��ej ��yszczarz
Author Information
  1. Pawe�� Niewiadomski: Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru��, Bydgoszcz, Poland. ORCID
  2. Marta Ortega-Ortega: Department of Applied Economics, Public Economics and Political Economy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. ORCID
  3. B��a��ej ��yszczarz: Department of Health Economics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru��, Bydgoszcz, Poland. blazej@cm.umk.pl. ORCID
PMID: 39832090 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-024-00935-8

Abstract

AIM: To systematically review the evidence on productivity losses due to health problems arising from the COVID-19 pandemic based on evidence from population-level studies.
METHODS: Following PRISMA statement, we conducted a systematic review using Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, EconLit, WHO COVID-19 Research and EuropePMC databases and a grey literature search. We included population-level studies using secondary data and qualitatively assessed eligible studies. For a quantitative cross-study comparison, we calculated losses in 2020 international dollars and as a share of gross domestic product. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023478059.
RESULTS: Thirty-eight studies were eligible for review, most of which reported losses in high-income countries and the European region. COVID-19 was a focus of 33 studies while 3 studies investigated losses from both long COVID and excess mortality. The Human Capital Approach dominated (30 studies) and no study used the Friction Cost Approach. Most studies (84%) reported on premature mortality losses and a quarter provided estimates of losses due to absenteeism. Of the 33 studies eligible for quantitative comparison, we found that the productivity losses ranged from 0 to 2.1% of gross domestic product; the greatest losses were in the high-income countries and for those aged 40-59 years; and losses among men contributed to around 3/4 of the total burden.
CONCLUSION: The available evidence on the topic is limited, particularly considering the methodological approaches used. Thus, more research is needed to reach a more comprehensive understanding of economy-level productivity losses resulting from the recent COVID-19 pandemic.

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Grants

  1. 2022/47/B/HS4/00081/Narodowe Centrum Nauki

MeSH Term

Humans
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Efficiency
Pandemics
Absenteeism
Global Health
Cost of Illness
Journal Article Systematic Review
Article has an altmetric score of 6

Word Cloud

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