Relationship between preconception protein intake and gestational diabetes mellitus: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.
Takahiro Omoto, Hyo Kyozuka, Tsuyoshi Murata, Toma Fukuda, Hirotaka Isogami, Chihiro Okoshi, Shun Yasuda, Akiko Yamaguchi, Akiko Sato, Yuka Ogata, Yuichi Nagasaka, Mitsuaki Hosoya, Seiji Yasumura, Koichi Hashimoto, Hidekazu Nishigori, Keiya Fujimori, Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Author Information
Takahiro Omoto: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan. Electronic address: keidai@fmu.ac.jp.
Hyo Kyozuka: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
Tsuyoshi Murata: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
Toma Fukuda: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
Hirotaka Isogami: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
Chihiro Okoshi: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
Shun Yasuda: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
Akiko Yamaguchi: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
Akiko Sato: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan.
Yuka Ogata: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan.
Yuichi Nagasaka: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan.
Mitsuaki Hosoya: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
Seiji Yasumura: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
Koichi Hashimoto: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
Hidekazu Nishigori: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
Keiya Fujimori: Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
AIMS: To investigate the relationship between preconception protein intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: We analyzed data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, focusing on 80,346 participants (mean age 31.3 ± 4.9 years; mean body mass index 21.2 ± 3.2 kg/m) who delivered between 2011 and 2014. These participants had no history of diabetes mellitus, no previous diagnosis of GDM, and did not use steroids during pregnancy. Participants were categorized into five groups based on preconception protein energy ratio quintiles (Q1 and Q5 represent the lowest and highest intake, respectively). Continuous variables were compared using one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis test, and categorical variables using chi-square tests. Primary outcomes were GDM, early-diagnosed GDM (Ed-GDM, diagnosed at <24 weeks), and late-diagnosed GDM (Ld-GDM, diagnosed at >24 weeks). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analysis with the middle quintile (Q3) as the reference. RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that using the Q3 group as the reference, the Q5 group had a higher risk of Ed-GDM (aOR 1.48, 95 % CI 1.06-2.07), whereas the Q1 group had a lower risk of Ed-GDM (aOR 0.69, 95 % CI 0.48-0.996). However, no significant differences were observed in the risk of GDM and Ld-GDM. CONCLUSIONS: Higher preconception protein intake was associated with increased Ed-GDM risk. Further research is needed to refine dietary recommendations for preconception protein intake.
