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Reviews in the neurosciences
Feb 17, 2025;

Advances in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression: a comprehensive review.

Haoran Xing, Xiaolei Liu, Yingying Zhang, Jie Wu, Mier Li, Hong Ye, Yu Ding, Weiwei Wang, Zhong Zheng, Tianhao Bao
Author Information
  1. Haoran Xing: Department of Science and Education, 71240 Kunming Medical University Affiliated Mental Health Center , Yunnan Province Mental Hospital, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China. ORCID
  2. Xiaolei Liu: Department of Neurology, 71240 The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China. ORCID
  3. Yingying Zhang: Department of Science and Education, 71240 Kunming Medical University Affiliated Mental Health Center , Yunnan Province Mental Hospital, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China. ORCID
  4. Jie Wu: Department of Science and Education, 71240 Kunming Medical University Affiliated Mental Health Center , Yunnan Province Mental Hospital, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China. ORCID
  5. Mier Li: Department of Science and Education, 71240 Kunming Medical University Affiliated Mental Health Center , Yunnan Province Mental Hospital, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China. ORCID
  6. Hong Ye: Department of Pathology, 71240 Kunming Medical University , Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China. ORCID
  7. Yu Ding: Department of Ultrasound Medicine, 71240 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming, 650101, People's Republic of China. ORCID
  8. Weiwei Wang: Department of Geriatrics, 71240 The Second Afliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming, Yunnan 650101, People's Republic of China. ORCID
  9. Zhong Zheng: Center for Neurological Function Detection and Regulation, West China Xiamen Hospital, Sichuan University, Xiamen 361000, People's Republic of China. ORCID
  10. Tianhao Bao: Department of Science and Education, 71240 Kunming Medical University Affiliated Mental Health Center , Yunnan Province Mental Hospital, Kunming, 650224, People's Republic of China. ORCID
PMID: 39946748 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0151

Abstract

Major depressive disorder is a common mental disorder, and a significant number of patients exhibit poor response to conventional antidepressant treatments, known as treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, the definition of TRD globally remains unclear, impeding clinical research, treatment development, outcome implementation, and policy-making. A wealth of research confirms that rTMS demonstrates promising efficacy in TRD. This paper elucidates the definition of TRD, summarizes potential targets of rTMS for treating TRD, comprehensively elaborates on the unique mechanisms, efficacy, and side effects of rTMS in treating TRD, and outlines considerations for special populations receiving rTMS treatment for TRD as well as other treatment modalities for TRD. Through these studies, we aim to provide more scientifically grounded recommendations for patients undergoing rTMS treatment for TRD.

Keywords

definition mechanisms repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation target areas treatment-resistant depression

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