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Evolution & development
Feb 20, 2025; e70003.

Genetic Mapping of Orofacial Traits Reveals a Single Genomic Region Associated With Differences in Multiple Parameters of Jaw Size Between Astyanax mexicanus Surface and Cavefish.

Amanda K Powers, Alleigh Amaismeier, Kathryn Thiel, William Anyonge, Suzanne E McGaugh, Tyler E Boggs, Clifford J Tabin, Joshua B Gross
Author Information
  1. Amanda K Powers: Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  2. Alleigh Amaismeier: Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
  3. Kathryn Thiel: Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
  4. William Anyonge: Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
  5. Suzanne E McGaugh: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.
  6. Tyler E Boggs: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
  7. Clifford J Tabin: Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  8. Joshua B Gross: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
PMID: 39973210 DOI: 10.1111/ede.70003

Abstract

The regulation of bone size is a poorly understood and complex developmental process. Evolutionary models can enable insight through interrogation of the developmental and molecular underpinnings of natural variation in bone size and shape. Here, we examine the Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus), a species of teleost fish comprising of an extant river-dwelling surface fish and obligate cave-dwelling fish. These divergent morphs have evolved for thousands of years in drastically different habitats, which have led to diverse phenotypic differences. Among many craniofacial aberrations, cavefish harbor a wider gape, an underbite, and larger jaws compared to surface-dwelling morphs. Morphotypes are inter-fertile, allowing quantitative genetic analyses in F pedigrees derived from surface × cavefish crosses. Here, we used quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to determine the genetic basis of jaw size. Strikingly, we discovered a single genomic region associated with several jaw size metrics. Future work identifying genetic lesions that explain differences in jaw development will provide new insight to the mechanisms driving bone size differences across vertebrate taxa.

Keywords

cavefish feeding behavior jaws quantitative trait loci

References

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Grants

  1. /This study was supported by National Institutes of Health.
Journal Article

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