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Feb, 2025;45 (1): 25-34.

Partial Regulation of Ketone Metabolism by Hypoxia in H9C2 Cardiomyocytes.

Li-Zhen Chen, Hong-Qing Chen, Xin-Yuan Zhang, Shuang Ling, Jin-Wen Xu
Author Information
  1. Li-Zhen Chen: Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
  2. Hong-Qing Chen: School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
  3. Xin-Yuan Zhang: School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
  4. Shuang Ling: Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. sarah_ling@126.com.
  5. Jin-Wen Xu: Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. jwxu1001@163.com.
PMID: 39976748 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-025-00002-w

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: hypoxia plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Promoting ketone metabolism has been shown to be beneficial for myocardial cells under hypoxic conditions. However, the expression and regulatory mechanisms of key enzymes in the ketone pathway under hypoxic conditions are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hypoxia on the expression of key enzymes in the ketone metabolic pathway and the underlying regulatory mechanisms involved.
METHODS: H9C2 myocardial cells were cultured for 6 h in an oxygen-glucose-deprived state, and the expression of various genes was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. ELISA and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay were used to measure CoAs, itaconic acid, and LDH levels, respectively, and the dependence of gene expression on hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) was evaluated using the inhibitor LW6.
RESULTS: H9C2 cardiomyocytes exhibited increased ketone body metabolism in response to hypoxia. hypoxia induced the expression of the ketone body enzymes succinyl-CoA.3-oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT/OXCT1), 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 2 (BDH2), and acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) in cardiomyocytes, with a concomitant increase in the level of acyl-CoA and a decrease in the level of succinyl-CoA. The HIF-1α inhibitor LW6 could partially reverse the expression of BDH2 and ACAT1, as well as the levels of succinyl-CoA. Interestingly, however, hypoxia-induced SCOT/OXCT1 expression was not regulated by the HIF-1α inhibitor. In addition, hypoxia promoted the expression of inflammatory factors.
CONCLUSION: These data confirm the critical role of ketone metabolism in myocardial hypoxia and help to elucidate the pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction and heart failure.

Keywords

Cardiomyocyte Gene expression Hypoxia Ketone metabolism Succinyl-CoA

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MeSH Term

Myocytes, Cardiac
Animals
Rats
Cell Hypoxia
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
Cell Line
Ketone Bodies
Ketones
Coenzyme A-Transferases
Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase

Chemicals

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
Ketone Bodies
Ketones
Coenzyme A-Transferases
3-ketoacid CoA-transferase
Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase
Journal Article

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0expressionketonemyocardialHypoxiametabolismhypoxiaenzymesH9C2inhibitorcriticalrolepathophysiologycardiomyopathyinfarctionheartfailurecellshypoxicconditionsregulatorymechanismskeypathwaydehydrogenaseLDHlevelsHIF-1αLW6cardiomyocytesbodySCOT/OXCT1BDH2ACAT1levelsuccinyl-CoAKetoneOBJECTIVE:playsPromotingshownbeneficialHoweverstillunclearstudyaimedinvestigateeffectsmetabolicunderlyinginvolvedMETHODS:cultured6 hoxygen-glucose-deprivedstatevariousgenesdetectedquantitativereal-timePCRELISAlactatecytotoxicityassayusedmeasureCoAsitaconicacidrespectivelydependencegenehypoxia-induciblefactor-1 alphaevaluatedusingRESULTS:exhibitedincreasedresponseinducedsuccinyl-CoA:3-oxoacidCoAtransferase3-hydroxybutyrate2 acyl-CoA:cholesterolacyltransferase1concomitantincreaseacyl-CoAdecreasepartiallyreversewellInterestinglyhoweverhypoxia-inducedregulatedthe HIF-1αadditionpromotedinflammatoryfactorsCONCLUSION:dataconfirmhelpelucidatePartialRegulationMetabolismCardiomyocytesCardiomyocyteGeneSuccinyl-CoA

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