Experiences and support of Australian nurses who identify as a second victim: A mixed methods study.
Monica Peddle, Madeline McPhillips, Rachel Cross, Lauren Zarb
Author Information
Monica Peddle: La Trobe University School of Nursing and Midwifery, Melbourne, Australia; Deakin University, Institute for Health Transformation, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Geelong, Australia. Electronic address: m.peddle@deakin.edu.au.
Madeline McPhillips: La Trobe University School of Nursing and Midwifery, Melbourne, Australia.
Rachel Cross: La Trobe University School of Nursing and Midwifery, Melbourne, Australia.
Lauren Zarb: La Trobe University School of Nursing and Midwifery, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Nursing, Melbourne, Australia.
AIMS: In this study, researchers investigated experiences and key elements of effective support programs that promote recovery in nurses who identify as second victims in Australia. DESIGN: Sequential explanatory mixed methods investigated experiences of nurses who identify as second victims, including support received and any educational and training included. METHODS: Data were collected using survey and in-depth interviews. Survey data were analysed using descriptive and non-parametric testing and thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. RESULTS: Forty-three nurses indicated involvement in a patient safety incident in the previous five years with 27 nurses completing the survey. Thirty-seven percent reported experiencing psychological distress and 33% physical symptoms. Only 4% reported experiencing weak colleague support while 22% reported poor supervisor and 56% poor organisational support. Qualitative data from seven interviews revealed five themes identified included the Education and training; Environment surrounding the event; Burden of reporting; a 'You've just got to get on with it' culture; and Ways to action positive change. CONCLUSION: Empathy and support from trained peer support colleagues were key elements to recovery of nurses who identified as second victims. The role of culture, and family values and beliefs in support of second victims need further investigation. Support programs need to address, not only psychological consequences of a patient safety event on the nurse, but also physical ramifications. Support of supervisors and organisations following a patient safety event may facilitate retention of nurses. The role of education and training in support programs requires further investigation.
