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Reviews in the neurosciences
Mar 20, 2025;

From postsynaptic neurons to astrocytes: the link between glutamate metabolism, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Fu-Wang Liu, Xue-Rui Zhang, Yi-Fan Cong, Yan-Man Liu, Han-Ting Zhang, Xue-Qin Hou
Author Information
  1. Fu-Wang Liu: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, 518873 Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P.R. China. ORCID
  2. Xue-Rui Zhang: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, 518873 Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P.R. China. ORCID
  3. Yi-Fan Cong: Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, P.R. China. ORCID
  4. Yan-Man Liu: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, 518873 Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P.R. China. ORCID
  5. Han-Ting Zhang: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266073, P.R. China. ORCID
  6. Xue-Qin Hou: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, 518873 Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P.R. China. ORCID
PMID: 40101161 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0143

Abstract

glutamate is not only the main excitatory neurotransmitter of the human central nervous system, but also a potent neurotoxin. Therefore, maintaining low-dose, non-toxic extracellular glutamate concentrations between synapses to ensure the reliability of synaptic transmission is essential for maintaining normal physiological functions of neurons. More and more studies have confirmed that the specific pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease) caused by neuronal damage or death due to abnormal inter-synaptic glutamate concentration may be related to the abnormal function of excitatory amino acid transporter proteins and glutamine synthetase on astrocytes, and that the abnormal expression and function of the above two proteins may be related to the transcription, translation, and even modification of both by the process of transcription, translation, and even modification of astrocytes. oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses occurring in astrocytes during their transcription, translation and even modification. Therefore, in this review, we mainly discuss the relationship between glutamate metabolism (from postsynaptic neurons to astrocytes), Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease in recent years.

Keywords

Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease astrocytes glutamate glutamate receptors

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