Post-translational modifications (PTMs) represent a crucial regulatory mechanism in the brain, influencing various processes, including neurodevelopment and neurological function. This review discusses the effects of PTMs, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and glycosylation, on neurodevelopment and central nervous system functionality. Although neurodevelopmental processes linked to PTMs are complex, proteins frequently converge within shared pathways. These pathways encompass neurodevelopmental processes, signaling mechanisms, neuronal migration, and synaptic connection formation, where PTMs act as dynamic regulators, ensuring the precise execution of brain functions. A detailed investigation of the fundamental mechanisms governing these pathways will contribute to a deeper understanding of nervous system functions and facilitate the identification of potential therapeutic targets. A thorough examination of the PTM landscape holds significant potential, not only in advancing knowledge but also in developing treatments for various neurological disorders.
