Pharmacy faculty and students perceptions of artificial intelligence: A National Survey.
Kyle A Gustafson, Sarah Berman, Paul Gavaza, Islam Mohamed, Radhika Devraj, May H Abdel Aziz, Divita Singh, Robin Southwood, Motolani E Ogunsanya, Angela Chu, Vivek Dave, Jarred Prudencio, Faria Munir, Trager D Hintze, Casey Rowe, Allison Bernknopf, Damianne Brand-Eubanks, Alexander Hoffman, Ellen Jones, Victoria Miller, Anna Nogid, Leanne Showman
Author Information
Kyle A Gustafson: Northeast Ohio Medical University, PO Box 95, 4209 St Rt 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States of America. Electronic address: kgustafson@neomed.edu.
Sarah Berman: University of the Incarnate Word, Feik School of Pharmacy, 703 E. Hildebrand, San Antonio, TX 78212, United States of America. Electronic address: berman@uiwtx.edu.
Paul Gavaza: Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, 11139 Anderson St, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America. Electronic address: pgavaza@llu.edu.
Islam Mohamed: California Northstate University, 9700 W Taron Dr, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States of America. Electronic address: islam.mohamed@cnsu.edu.
Radhika Devraj: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 6 Hairpin Dr, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States of America. Electronic address: rdevraj@siue.edu.
May H Abdel Aziz: The University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd, Tyler, TX 75799, United States of America. Electronic address: mabdelaziz@uttyler.edu.
Divita Singh: Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America. Electronic address: divita.singh@temple.edu.
Robin Southwood: College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, 240 W Green St, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America. Electronic address: rsouthwd@uga.edu.
Motolani E Ogunsanya: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, TSET Health Promotion Research Center, 1100 N Lindsay Ave, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America. Electronic address: Motolani-ogunsanya@ouhsc.edu.
Angela Chu: Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10920 S River Frint Pkwy, South Jordan, UT 84095, United States of America. Electronic address: achu@roseman.edu.
Vivek Dave: St. John Fisher University, Wegmans School of Pharmacy, 3690 East Ave, Rochester, NY 14618, United States of America. Electronic address: vdave@sjfc.edu.
Jarred Prudencio: University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720, United States of America. Electronic address: jarred.prudencio@hawaii.edu.
Faria Munir: University of Illinois Chicago, 1200 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America. Electronic address: fmunir@uic.edu.
Trager D Hintze: Alice L Walton School of Medicine, 805 Mcclain Rd STE 800, Bentonville, AR 72712, United States of America.
Casey Rowe: University of Florida College of Pharmacy - Orlando Campus, 6550 Sanger Rd, Orlando, FL 32827, United States of America. Electronic address: casey.rowe@cop.ufl.edu.
Allison Bernknopf: Ferris State University, 1201 S State St, Big Rapids, MI 49307, United States of America. Electronic address: allisonbernknopf@ferris.edu.
Damianne Brand-Eubanks: Washington State University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 200 University Pkwy, Yakima, WA 98901, United States of America. Electronic address: dbrand@wsu.edu.
Alexander Hoffman: Northeast Ohio Medical University, PO Box 95, 4209 St Rt 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States of America. Electronic address: ahoffman@neomed.edu.
Ellen Jones: Harding University College of Pharmacy, 915 E Market, Searcy, AR 72143, United States of America. Electronic address: ejones7@harding.edu.
Victoria Miller: University of Louisiana Monroe College of Pharmacy, 1800 Bienville Dr, Monroe, LA 71201, United States of America. Electronic address: vmiller@ulm.edu.
Anna Nogid: Fairleigh Dickinson School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, 230 Park Ave, Florham Park, NJ 07932, United States of America. Electronic address: a.nogid@fdu.edu.
Leanne Showman: Southwestern Oklahoma State University College of Pharmacy, 100 Campus Dr, Weatherford, OK 73096, United States of America. Electronic address: leanne.showman@swosu.edu.
INTRODUCTION: This study explores the perceptions, familiarity, and utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) among pharmacy faculty and students across the United States. By identifying key gaps in AI education and training, it highlights the need for structured curricular integration to prepare future pharmacists for an evolving digital healthcare landscape. METHODS: A 19-item Qualtrics��� survey was created to assess perceptions of AI use among pharmacy faculty and students and distributed utilizing publicly available contacts at schools of pharmacy and intern lists. The electronic survey was open from September 5th to November 22nd 2023. Responses were analyzed for trends and compared between faculty and student responses across four sub-domains. RESULTS: A total of 235 pharmacy faculty and 405 pharmacy students completed the survey. Responses indicated high familiarity with AI in both groups but found differences in training. Both groups identified ethical considerations and training as major barriers to AI integration. Faculty were less likely to trust AI responses than students despite reporting similar rates of incorrect information. Students were more concerned than faculty about AI reducing pharmacy jobs, particularly in community and health-system settings. DISCUSSION: This study highlights the need for intentional AI training tailored to pharmacy students, aiming to bridge the knowledge gap and equip them with the skills to navigate an AI-driven future. The inconsistency in how AI is addressed within the curriculum and the lack of established ethical guidelines display the need for clear and consistent institutional policies and professional guidance.
